Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Physics 1SC0
Key Concepts of Physics
Motion and Forces
Topic overviewScalar and vector quantitiesExamples of vectors and scalars, and velocitySpeed, distance, time and distance-time graphsAcceleration and the equation v squared minus u squaredVelocity-time graphs and free fallMeasuring speed in the laboratory, and typical everyday speedsNewton's first law, and investigating force, mass and accelerationNewton's second and third lawsWeight, mass and gravitational field strengthReaction time, stopping distance and large decelerationsFactors affecting stopping distance and reaction time
Conservation of Energy
Waves
Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Topic overviewProperties of electromagnetic wavesInvestigating refraction in glass blocksThe groups of the electromagnetic spectrumThe continuous spectrum, and what our eyes can detectHow radiation is generated, and why danger rises with frequencyHarmful effects of excessive exposure to radiationUses of electromagnetic radiation
Radioactivity
Topic overviewThe atom and the size of atomsIsotopes, atomic number and mass numberRelative masses and charges of subatomic particlesElectron orbits and energy levelsForming ions, and how the atomic model changedTypes of ionising radiationBackground radiation and detecting radioactivityAlpha, beta and gamma, and their penetrating powerBeta-minus and beta-plus decayEffects of decay on atomic number and mass numberBalancing nuclear equationsActivity and the becquerelHalf-life and the randomness of decayHalf-life calculationsThe dangers of ionising radiationSafety precautions, contamination and irradiation
Energy – Forces Doing Work
Topic overviewEnergy stores and energy transfer diagramsChanging a system's energy, and measuring work doneWork done and the energy changes it causesGravitational potential and kinetic energy calculationsDissipation and wasted energyPower as the rate of energy transferThe watt, and calculating efficiency
Forces and Their Effects
Electricity and Circuits
Topic overviewThe atom, and drawing circuit diagramsSeries and parallel circuitsPotential difference and the voltmeterEnergy transferred by moving chargeCurrent, charge and measuring currentResistance and the equation V = IRResistors in series and in parallelDesigning circuits to test componentsInvestigating resistance in circuitsCurrent-potential difference graphs for componentsLight-dependent resistors and thermistorsThe heating effect of an electric currentUses of the heating effect, and the equation E = IVtPower as energy transferred per secondCalculating electrical powerEnergy transfer in domestic devices, and power ratingsDirect and alternating currentAlternating current and the UK mains supplyLive and neutral wires, earthing and fusesFuses in the live wire, mains voltages and electrical dangers
Magnetism and the Motor Effect
Electromagnetic Induction
Particle Model
Topic overviewKinetic theory and differences in densityCalculating density, and investigating itChanges of state and internal energySpecific heat capacitySpecific latent heat and thermal insulationInvestigating the specific heat capacity of waterGas pressure and the motion of particlesAbsolute zero and the kelvin scale
Electromagnetic Induction
The national grid, and step-up and step-down transformers
- 4 things to know
- Paper 6
Overview
Transmitting electrical energy at high voltage and low current to cut heating losses in cables, the national grid and its thick cables, where and why step-up and step-down transformers are used, the 230 V mains, and why the grid uses alternating current.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
How do high voltage and thick cables make the grid efficient, where are step-down transformers used, and why does the grid carry alternating current?
Key term
State why electrical energy is transferred across the country at a very high voltage.
Key term
Explain why a large current in a transmission cable wastes energy.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State why electrical energy is transferred across the country at a very high voltage.
Model answer
A high voltage means a small current, which reduces the energy wasted as heat in the cables.
- 2
Explain why a large current in a transmission cable wastes energy.
Model answer
The cable has resistance, so the current heats it and energy is transferred to the surroundings.
- 3
Explain how raising the transmission voltage reduces the current needed to deliver the same power.
Model answer
Power is the voltage multiplied by the current, so a larger voltage delivers the same power with a smaller current.
- 4
Explain why the voltage is reduced again before electricity reaches houses.
Model answer
A very high voltage would be extremely dangerous in a house and would destroy domestic appliances.
- 5
State the effect of transferring electrical energy at high voltage on the efficiency of the transmission network.
Model answer
The efficiency is higher, because less of the energy is wasted heating the cables.
- 6
Name the network of cables and transformers that carries electrical energy from power stations to consumers.
Model answer
The national grid.
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