Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Physics 1SC0
Key Concepts of Physics
Motion and Forces
Topic overviewScalar and vector quantitiesExamples of vectors and scalars, and velocitySpeed, distance, time and distance-time graphsAcceleration and the equation v squared minus u squaredVelocity-time graphs and free fallMeasuring speed in the laboratory, and typical everyday speedsNewton's first law, and investigating force, mass and accelerationNewton's second and third lawsWeight, mass and gravitational field strengthReaction time, stopping distance and large decelerationsFactors affecting stopping distance and reaction time
Conservation of Energy
Waves
Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Topic overviewProperties of electromagnetic wavesInvestigating refraction in glass blocksThe groups of the electromagnetic spectrumThe continuous spectrum, and what our eyes can detectHow radiation is generated, and why danger rises with frequencyHarmful effects of excessive exposure to radiationUses of electromagnetic radiation
Radioactivity
Topic overviewThe atom and the size of atomsIsotopes, atomic number and mass numberRelative masses and charges of subatomic particlesElectron orbits and energy levelsForming ions, and how the atomic model changedTypes of ionising radiationBackground radiation and detecting radioactivityAlpha, beta and gamma, and their penetrating powerBeta-minus and beta-plus decayEffects of decay on atomic number and mass numberBalancing nuclear equationsActivity and the becquerelHalf-life and the randomness of decayHalf-life calculationsThe dangers of ionising radiationSafety precautions, contamination and irradiation
Energy – Forces Doing Work
Topic overviewEnergy stores and energy transfer diagramsChanging a system's energy, and measuring work doneWork done and the energy changes it causesGravitational potential and kinetic energy calculationsDissipation and wasted energyPower as the rate of energy transferThe watt, and calculating efficiency
Forces and Their Effects
Electricity and Circuits
Topic overviewThe atom, and drawing circuit diagramsSeries and parallel circuitsPotential difference and the voltmeterEnergy transferred by moving chargeCurrent, charge and measuring currentResistance and the equation V = IRResistors in series and in parallelDesigning circuits to test componentsInvestigating resistance in circuitsCurrent-potential difference graphs for componentsLight-dependent resistors and thermistorsThe heating effect of an electric currentUses of the heating effect, and the equation E = IVtPower as energy transferred per secondCalculating electrical powerEnergy transfer in domestic devices, and power ratingsDirect and alternating currentAlternating current and the UK mains supplyLive and neutral wires, earthing and fusesFuses in the live wire, mains voltages and electrical dangers
Magnetism and the Motor Effect
Electromagnetic Induction
Particle Model
Topic overviewKinetic theory and differences in densityCalculating density, and investigating itChanges of state and internal energySpecific heat capacitySpecific latent heat and thermal insulationInvestigating the specific heat capacity of waterGas pressure and the motion of particlesAbsolute zero and the kelvin scale
Particle Model
Changes of state and internal energy
- 3 things to know
- Paper 6
Overview
Freezing, condensing, sublimation, evaporating and boiling, mass conserved in changes of state as physical changes, heating raising the kinetic store of particles or changing state, and why temperature stays constant while a substance melts or boils.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Give one way in which a change of state differs from many chemical changes.
Key term
Water boils away in an open pan and the pan and its contents weigh less afterwards. Explain why mass has still been conserved.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the change of state in which a liquid becomes a solid.
Model answer
Freezing.
- 2
Name the change of state in which a gas becomes a liquid.
Model answer
Condensing.
- 3
Name the change of state in which a solid turns directly into a gas.
Model answer
Sublimation.
- 4
Describe one difference between evaporating and boiling.
Model answer
Evaporation happens only at the liquid surface and at any temperature, while boiling happens throughout the liquid at its boiling point.
- 5
State what happens to the total mass of a substance when it melts.
Model answer
It stays the same, because mass is conserved during a change of state.
- 6
Explain why melting is classed as a physical change rather than a chemical one.
Model answer
No new substance is formed, and freezing the liquid again returns the original solid with its original properties.
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