Key term
OCR GCSE Combined Science Physics J250
Electricity
Topic overviewCharge, and producing static electricityTransfer of electrons in charging and dischargingCurrent as a rate of flow of chargeCharge, current and timeSeries and parallel circuits, and circuit symbolsCurrent, potential difference and resistanceResistors whose resistance changes, and investigating themLinear and non-linear circuit elements from graphsNet resistance in series and parallelCircuits for measurement, and electrical power
Energy
Topic overviewConservation of energy, and energy storesEnergy changes on heating, and calculating themEnergy of a moving body, a spring and a raised objectDissipation, and energy transfer in domestic devicesPower ratings, efficiency, and increasing itReducing unwanted energy transfer, and the rate of cooling
Forces
Topic overviewMeasuring distance and time, and calculating speedConverting units, and ratesVectors and scalars in motionDistance-time and velocity-time graphsAverage speed, and the equations of uniform motionHow objects interact, and forces as vectorsNewton's first lawResolving forces, and free body diagramsResultant forces, and balanced forcesNewton's second law, and inertiaMomentum and its conservationWork done, and stored energyPower, and Newton's third lawCircular motion and changing velocityStretching, bending and compressing; elastic and plasticForce and extension, linear and non-linearThe spring constant, and work done in stretchingGravitational fields, weight and free fallCalculations with weight and gravitational field strength
Global Challenges
Topic overviewTypical speeds and everyday accelerationsReaction time, stopping distance and the dangers of large decelerationsStopping distance, acceleration and collision force calculationsEnergy resources, and trends in their useThe national grid, and step-up and step-down transformersWhy the national grid is efficient, and power in a transformerMains electricity: a.c., d.c. and the domestic supplyLive, neutral and earth wires, and electrical danger
Magnetism and Magnetic Fields
Matter
Topic overviewHow the atomic model changed, and the structure of the atomThe size of atoms, and defining densityDensity of the states of matter, and density calculationsConservation of mass in changes of stateHeating a system, and specific heat capacityCalculations with specific heat capacity and latent heatGas molecules, temperature and pressure
Radioactivity
Waves in Matter
Topic overviewAmplitude, wavelength, frequency and periodThe wave equationTransverse and longitudinal wavesModelling waves with ripples and soundElectromagnetic waves as transverse, and energy transferFrequency and wavelength across the spectrumWhat our eyes detect, and light as an electromagnetic waveUses of electromagnetic wavesHazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysProducing and receiving radio wavesAbsorption, transmission, refraction and reflectionInvestigating reflection and refraction of light
Waves in Matter
Transverse and longitudinal waves
- 3 things to know
- Paper 12 (Physics)
Overview
How the direction of vibration differs in transverse and longitudinal waves, crests and troughs, compressions and rarefactions, an example of each type, and what the two types have in common.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
In a transverse wave, how does the direction of vibration compare with the direction the wave travels?
Key term
In a longitudinal wave, how does the direction of vibration compare with the direction the wave travels?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
In a transverse wave, how does the direction of vibration compare with the direction the wave travels?
Model answer
The vibrations are at right angles to the direction the wave travels.
- 2
In a longitudinal wave, how does the direction of vibration compare with the direction the wave travels?
Model answer
The vibrations are along the same line as the direction the wave travels.
- 3
What are the high and low points of a transverse wave called?
Model answer
The high points are crests and the low points are troughs.
- 4
What are the two kinds of region found along a longitudinal wave called?
Model answer
Compressions and rarefactions.
- 5
What is a compression in a longitudinal wave?
Model answer
A region where the particles are pushed closer together than normal, so the pressure is higher.
- 6
What is a rarefaction in a longitudinal wave?
Model answer
A region where the particles are spread further apart than normal, so the pressure is lower.
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