Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Ecology
Waste management and biodiversity
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 2
Overview
Why a growing population and rising living standards produce more waste, sources of water, air and land pollution, how fertiliser, acid rain and toxic chemicals damage ecosystems, and what biodiversity is, why it makes ecosystems stable and how human activity has reduced it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain why a rising standard of living leads to more waste.
Key term
Under what condition does producing more waste not have to mean more pollution?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Give two reasons why humans now use more resources and produce more waste than ever before.
Model answer
The human population is growing rapidly and the standard of living is increasing.
- 2
Explain why a rising standard of living leads to more waste.
Model answer
More resources are used by each person, so more waste material and more waste chemicals are produced.
- 3
Under what condition does producing more waste not have to mean more pollution?
Model answer
If the waste and the chemical materials in it are handled and disposed of properly.
- 4
Name three sources of water pollution.
Model answer
Sewage, fertiliser and toxic chemicals.
- 5
Name two causes of air pollution.
Model answer
Smoke and acidic gases.
- 6
Name two causes of land pollution.
Model answer
Landfill and toxic chemicals.
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