Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Organisation
Cancer
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 1
Overview
Cancer as uncontrolled cell division, tumours and the damage they cause, benign and malignant tumours and how malignant cells spread in the blood to form secondary tumours, and lifestyle, genetic and ultraviolet risk factors.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is a tumour?
Process
Which process has gone wrong in a cell that has become cancerous?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Describe what cancer is.
Model answer
It is the result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.
- 2
What is a tumour?
Model answer
A mass of abnormal cells produced by uncontrolled cell division.
- 3
Which process has gone wrong in a cell that has become cancerous?
Model answer
The control of cell division, so the cell keeps dividing instead of stopping.
- 4
Explain why a growing tumour damages the organ it is in.
Model answer
It takes up space and takes nutrients, pressing on and destroying the healthy tissue around it.
- 5
What is a benign tumour?
Model answer
A growth of abnormal cells that stays contained in one area, usually within a membrane.
- 6
Do benign tumours spread to other parts of the body?
Model answer
No — they stay where they formed and do not invade other parts of the body.
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