Key term
Edexcel GCSE Biology 1BI0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsFood tests and the energy in foodDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Topic overviewMitosis and the cell cycleWhy mitosis matters: growth, repair and cancerGrowth, differentiation and percentile chartsStem cells and their use in medicineThe structure and function of the brainInvestigating and treating the brainNeurones, receptors and the reflex arcThe structure and function of the eyeEye defects and how they are corrected
Genetics
Topic overviewAsexual and sexual reproductionMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitProtein synthesis: transcription and translationGenetic variants in coding and non-coding DNAMendel's work and the inheritance of blood groupsAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesSex-linked disordersCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Topic overviewDarwin, Wallace and the theory of evolutionNatural selection and antibiotic resistanceFossil evidence for human evolutionStone tool evidence for human evolutionThe pentadactyl limb and the three domainsSelective breedingTissue cultureGenetic engineering and modern agricultureThe stages of genetic engineeringBenefits and risks of GM organisms
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsHow plants defend themselves and how plant disease is detectedPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesAseptic technique in culturing microorganismsTesting antiseptics and antibiotics on bacterial culturesMonoclonal antibodiesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Topic overviewPhotosynthesis as an endothermic reactionLimiting factors in photosynthesisLight intensity and the rate of photosynthesisRoot hair cells, xylem and phloemTranspiration and translocationLeaf structure for photosynthesis and gas exchangeFactors affecting the rate of transpirationPlant adaptations to extreme environmentsPlant hormones and their commercial uses
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Topic overviewHormones, endocrine glands and homeostasisAdrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedbackThe menstrual cycle and its hormonesHormonal and barrier contraceptionAssisted reproductive technology and IVFHomeostasis and thermoregulationControlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes and body massThe urinary system and the production of ureaThe nephron, filtration and the effect of ADHTreating kidney failure: dialysis and transplants
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeRate of diffusion and Fick's lawThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Topic overviewLevels of organisation and interdependenceAbiotic and biotic factors in a communityParasitism and mutualismSampling with quadrats and transectsEstimating population size from field dataEnergy transfer between trophic levelsHuman impact on ecosystems and biodiversityFood securityThe carbon cycleThe water and nitrogen cyclesIndicator species and pollutionFactors affecting the rate of decompositionCalculating the rate of decay
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
- 11 subtopics
- 33 things to know
- Paper 2
What Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis covers
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis is examined in Paper 2, Biology 2. It covers hormones, endocrine glands and homeostasis, adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedback, the menstrual cycle and its hormones, hormonal and barrier contraception, clomifene and IVF, thermoregulation, blood glucose control and type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and body mass, the urinary system and urea, the nephron and ADH, and dialysis and kidney transplants.
Where it is assessed
Paper 2
Biology 2: 1 hour 45 minutes, 100 marks, 50% of the GCSE.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 11 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Hormones, endocrine glands and homeostasisHormones as chemical messengers carried in the blood to target organs with specific receptors, the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries and what they release, homeostasis and the changes it responds to, and receptors, coordination centres and effectors.Open →
- Adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedbackHow adrenalin from the adrenal glands prepares the body for fight or flight by raising heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to the muscles, blood glucose and breathing rate, thyroxine and metabolic rate, and negative feedback control of thyroxine through TRH and TSH.Open →
- The menstrual cycle and its hormonesThe stages of the 28-day menstrual cycle from menstruation to ovulation, oestrogen thickening and progesterone maintaining the uterus lining, the roles of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland and progesterone from the corpus luteum, and how these hormones interact to control ovulation and start the next cycle.Open →
- Hormonal and barrier contraceptionHow oestrogen and progesterone in hormonal contraception prevent pregnancy, pills, injections, implants and patches, condoms and diaphragms as barrier methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and what perfect-use and typical-use effectiveness figures show.Open →
- Assisted reproductive technology and IVFAssisted reproductive technology, clomifene therapy and how it raises FSH and LH to trigger ovulation, the stages of IVF and why FSH and LH are given, and why IVF often fails and the risk of multiple pregnancy.Open →
- Homeostasis and thermoregulationThermoregulation and why enzymes fail when the body is too hot or too cold, osmoregulation and animal cells in dilute or concentrated solutions, the hypothalamus and temperature receptors, the dermis and epidermis, sweating, hair erector muscles and shivering, and how vasoconstriction and vasodilation control heat loss.Open →
- Controlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetesHow the pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose by storing it as glycogen, why levels rise after meals and fall in exercise, glucagon raising blood glucose and working antagonistically with insulin by negative feedback, and the cause, onset, symptoms and insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes.Open →
- Type 2 diabetes and body massThe cause and risk factors of type 2 diabetes, how it differs from type 1 and is controlled, calculating body mass index and waist to hip ratio and their limits, correlation and cause, and scatter diagrams showing positive, negative or no correlation with lines of best fit.Open →
- The urinary system and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, the renal artery and vein, nephrons, and how the liver breaks down excess amino acids into toxic urea that the kidneys excrete in urine.Open →
- The nephron, filtration and the effect of ADHFiltration in the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, why proteins and blood cells stay in the blood, selective reabsorption of glucose by active transport and water by osmosis, and how ADH from the pituitary gland acts on the collecting duct to control urine volume and concentration by negative feedback.Open →
- Treating kidney failure: dialysis and transplantsWhy kidney failure is dangerous, how dialysis removes urea by diffusion and why dialysis fluid contains glucose and salts, the disadvantages of dialysis, and the advantages of a kidney transplant and how rejection is reduced.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Describe the cause of type 2 diabetes, the difference from type 1, and the treatments used.
Key term
Explain how the effects of adrenalin prepare the body for fight or flight.
Key term
Explain the roles of oestrogen and progesterone after ovulation and how the next cycle begins.
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What is a hormone?
Key term
Explain how oestrogen given as a contraceptive prevents pregnancy.
Process
Outline the main stages of IVF treatment.
Key term
Which hormone is released when blood glucose concentration rises too high, and by which organ?
Key term
Name the main organs and tubes that make up the urinary system.
Key term
Explain why liquid is forced out of the blood in the glomerulus.
Key term
What happens to the blood if a person's kidneys fail?
Key term
What is meant by the target organ of a hormone?
Key term
Which glands release adrenalin, and in what kind of situation is it released?
Key term
What happens during roughly the first five days of the menstrual cycle?
Key term
Explain how hormonal contraception can make the uterus unsuitable for pregnancy.
Key term
Why is FSH given before eggs are collected for IVF?
Key term
What is thermoregulation?
Key term
Explain why blood glucose concentration falls during hard exercise.
Key term
What causes type 2 diabetes?
Key term
Which blood vessel carries blood into a kidney, and which carries blood away from it?
Key term
Which substances pass out of the blood into the Bowman's capsule?
Key term
What is kidney dialysis?
Key term
Which gland lies just beneath the brain and releases hormones that control several other endocrine glands?
Key term
Explain how an increased heart rate helps the body during the fight or flight response.
Key term
What is ovulation, and when does it usually happen in a 28-day cycle?
Key term
Explain why a contraceptive pill has to be taken regularly to work.
Key term
Why is LH also given during IVF treatment?
Key term
Explain why enzymes stop working if body temperature rises too far above normal.
Key term
Which hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls too low?
Key term
How does type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 in terms of insulin production?
Key term
Explain why amino acids that are not needed have to be broken down.
Key term
What is meant by selective reabsorption?
Key term
Explain how urea is removed from the blood during dialysis.
Take Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Insulin vs Glucagon
Insulin: pancreatic hormone making liver cells store glucose as glycogen. Glucagon: pancreatic hormone making the liver break glycogen down into glucose.
Type 1 diabetes vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes: immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes: body cells stop responding properly to insulin.
Vasodilation vs Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation: widening of vessels supplying skin capillaries to lose heat. Vasoconstriction: narrowing of vessels supplying skin capillaries to conserve heat.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a hormone?
Model answer
A hormone is a chemical messenger made by an endocrine gland and carried around the body in the blood.
- 2
How does a hormone travel from the gland that makes it to the part of the body it affects?
Model answer
It is released straight into the bloodstream and carried dissolved in the blood plasma.
- 3
What is meant by the target organ of a hormone?
Model answer
The target organ is the organ a hormone acts on, because its cells carry receptors that the hormone binds to.
- 4
Which gland lies just beneath the brain and releases hormones that control several other endocrine glands?
Model answer
The pituitary gland.
- 5
Where in the body is the thyroid gland found, and which hormone does it release?
Model answer
It is found in the neck, and it releases thyroxine.
- 6
Which organ lying behind the stomach releases hormones that control blood glucose?
Model answer
The pancreas.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis revision questions
- What does Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis cover in Edexcel GCSE Biology?
- 11 subtopics: hormones, endocrine glands and homeostasis, adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedback, the menstrual cycle and its hormones, hormonal and barrier contraception, assisted reproductive technology and ivf, homeostasis and thermoregulation, controlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and body mass, the urinary system and the production of urea, the nephron, filtration and the effect of adh and treating kidney failure: dialysis and transplants. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis organised?
- By the Edexcel 1BI0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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