Key term
Edexcel GCSE Biology 1BI0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsFood tests and the energy in foodDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Topic overviewMitosis and the cell cycleWhy mitosis matters: growth, repair and cancerGrowth, differentiation and percentile chartsStem cells and their use in medicineThe structure and function of the brainInvestigating and treating the brainNeurones, receptors and the reflex arcThe structure and function of the eyeEye defects and how they are corrected
Genetics
Topic overviewAsexual and sexual reproductionMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitProtein synthesis: transcription and translationGenetic variants in coding and non-coding DNAMendel's work and the inheritance of blood groupsAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesSex-linked disordersCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Topic overviewDarwin, Wallace and the theory of evolutionNatural selection and antibiotic resistanceFossil evidence for human evolutionStone tool evidence for human evolutionThe pentadactyl limb and the three domainsSelective breedingTissue cultureGenetic engineering and modern agricultureThe stages of genetic engineeringBenefits and risks of GM organisms
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsHow plants defend themselves and how plant disease is detectedPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesAseptic technique in culturing microorganismsTesting antiseptics and antibiotics on bacterial culturesMonoclonal antibodiesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Topic overviewPhotosynthesis as an endothermic reactionLimiting factors in photosynthesisLight intensity and the rate of photosynthesisRoot hair cells, xylem and phloemTranspiration and translocationLeaf structure for photosynthesis and gas exchangeFactors affecting the rate of transpirationPlant adaptations to extreme environmentsPlant hormones and their commercial uses
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Topic overviewHormones, endocrine glands and homeostasisAdrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedbackThe menstrual cycle and its hormonesHormonal and barrier contraceptionAssisted reproductive technology and IVFHomeostasis and thermoregulationControlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes and body massThe urinary system and the production of ureaThe nephron, filtration and the effect of ADHTreating kidney failure: dialysis and transplants
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeRate of diffusion and Fick's lawThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Topic overviewLevels of organisation and interdependenceAbiotic and biotic factors in a communityParasitism and mutualismSampling with quadrats and transectsEstimating population size from field dataEnergy transfer between trophic levelsHuman impact on ecosystems and biodiversityFood securityThe carbon cycleThe water and nitrogen cyclesIndicator species and pollutionFactors affecting the rate of decompositionCalculating the rate of decay
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Darwin, Wallace and the theory of evolution
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Darwin's Beagle observations and On the Origin of Species, Wallace's independent work and warning colouration, why scientists were slow to accept the theory, and why it matters today.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Wallace also studied warning colouration. Explain how bright warning colours in a poisonous insect can be favoured by natural selection.
Key term
Give one reason why other scientists were slow to accept Darwin's explanation when it was first published.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which two naturalists independently arrived at the idea that species change over time through natural selection?
Model answer
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
- 2
What did Darwin observe on his voyage aboard HMS Beagle that helped him develop his theory?
Model answer
He found closely related species, such as the finches on different Galapagos islands, whose features suited the particular food and conditions where they lived.
- 3
Name the book, published in 1859, in which Darwin set out the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Model answer
On the Origin of Species.
- 4
Describe the contribution Alfred Russel Wallace made to the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Model answer
While studying species in the Malay Archipelago he reached the same explanation independently and sent his essay to Darwin, and their work was presented jointly in 1858.
- 5
Wallace also studied warning colouration. Explain how bright warning colours in a poisonous insect can be favoured by natural selection.
Model answer
Predators learn to avoid the brightest individuals, so those insects are least likely to be eaten and pass their alleles to more offspring.
- 6
Give one reason why other scientists were slow to accept Darwin's explanation when it was first published.
Model answer
Genes and mutations were not yet known, so Darwin could not say how the useful variations arose or how they were passed on.
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