Key term
OCR GCSE Biology A J247
Cell Level Systems
Topic overviewMicroscopy, and sub-cellular structuresDNA structure: polymer, double helix and nucleotidesProtein synthesis and the triplet codeEnzyme action, and investigating enzymesCellular respiration as an exothermic processAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedSynthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipidsPhotosynthesis: producers and the processPhotosynthesis as endothermic, and investigating itLimiting factors in photosynthesis
Community Level Systems
Genes, Inheritance and Selection
Topic overviewGenetic terms, and the genomeGenome, environment and mutationsHow genetic variants influence phenotypeAsexual and sexual reproduction comparedHaploid, diploid and meiosisSingle gene inheritance and Punnett squaresSex determination, multiple genes and Mendel's workVariation within a population, and classificationNatural selection and evolutionEvidence for evolution, and the work of Darwin and Wallace
Global Challenges
Topic overviewField investigations, and human impact on ecosystemsMaintaining biodiversity, and evidence for environmental changeFood security, agricultural and biotechnological solutionsSelective breeding and genetic engineeringHealth, disease, and types of diseaseInteractions between diseases, and how they spreadReducing the spread of disease, and named examplesPhysical and chemical plant defencesDetecting plant disease; white blood cells and plateletsNon-specific defences and the immune systemMonoclonal antibodies and their usesVaccines, medicines and aseptic techniqueDeveloping new medicines, and non-communicable diseaseTreating cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle factorsCancer, and the use of stem cells in medicineGene technology in medicine, and the human genome
Organism Level Systems
Topic overviewThe nervous system and coordinated responsesThe reflex arcThe eye and its common defectsThe structure and function of the brainInvestigating and treating the brainHormonal coordination, thyroxine and adrenalineHormones in reproduction and the menstrual cycleContraception and treating infertilityPlant hormones and their commercial usesHomeostasis, and the skin in temperature controlInsulin and glucagon in blood sugar controlType 1 and type 2 diabetesOsmotic changes in body fluids, and the kidneysThe kidney tubule and the effect of ADHResponding to temperature and osmotic challenges
Scaling Up
Topic overviewDiffusion, osmosis and active transportMitosis, the cell cycle and cell differentiationStem cells in animals and meristems in plantsSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesThe circulatory system, the heart and blood vesselsRed blood cells and plasmaRoot hair cells, transpiration and translocationXylem and phloemFactors affecting water uptake, and the potometer
Cell Level Systems
Cellular respiration as an exothermic process
- 3 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
What cellular respiration and ATP are, why respiration is universal and continuous, the processes that depend on its ATP, the mitochondrion, how respiration differs from breathing, why it is exothermic, the germinating seeds experiment and its control, and how respiration keeps mammals and birds warm, heats the body in exercise and warms a compost heap.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What does ATP do for a cell?
Process
Why is cellular respiration described as a universal process?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is cellular respiration?
Model answer
A chemical reaction in cells that transfers energy from glucose and supplies it as ATP.
- 2
What does ATP do for a cell?
Model answer
It supplies the energy the cell needs for processes such as movement, growth and building large molecules.
- 3
Why is cellular respiration described as a universal process?
Model answer
Every living cell of every organism carries it out.
- 4
Why must respiration go on continuously rather than in bursts?
Model answer
Cells cannot store much ATP, so it has to be made all the time to keep their processes running.
- 5
What happens to an organism if respiration in its cells stops?
Model answer
No ATP is supplied, so cell processes stop and the organism dies.
- 6
Name three processes in an organism that depend on the ATP supplied by respiration.
Model answer
Muscle contraction, active transport and the building of large molecules such as proteins.
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