Key term
OCR GCSE Biology A J247
Cell Level Systems
Topic overviewMicroscopy, and sub-cellular structuresDNA structure: polymer, double helix and nucleotidesProtein synthesis and the triplet codeEnzyme action, and investigating enzymesCellular respiration as an exothermic processAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedSynthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipidsPhotosynthesis: producers and the processPhotosynthesis as endothermic, and investigating itLimiting factors in photosynthesis
Community Level Systems
Genes, Inheritance and Selection
Topic overviewGenetic terms, and the genomeGenome, environment and mutationsHow genetic variants influence phenotypeAsexual and sexual reproduction comparedHaploid, diploid and meiosisSingle gene inheritance and Punnett squaresSex determination, multiple genes and Mendel's workVariation within a population, and classificationNatural selection and evolutionEvidence for evolution, and the work of Darwin and Wallace
Global Challenges
Topic overviewField investigations, and human impact on ecosystemsMaintaining biodiversity, and evidence for environmental changeFood security, agricultural and biotechnological solutionsSelective breeding and genetic engineeringHealth, disease, and types of diseaseInteractions between diseases, and how they spreadReducing the spread of disease, and named examplesPhysical and chemical plant defencesDetecting plant disease; white blood cells and plateletsNon-specific defences and the immune systemMonoclonal antibodies and their usesVaccines, medicines and aseptic techniqueDeveloping new medicines, and non-communicable diseaseTreating cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle factorsCancer, and the use of stem cells in medicineGene technology in medicine, and the human genome
Organism Level Systems
Topic overviewThe nervous system and coordinated responsesThe reflex arcThe eye and its common defectsThe structure and function of the brainInvestigating and treating the brainHormonal coordination, thyroxine and adrenalineHormones in reproduction and the menstrual cycleContraception and treating infertilityPlant hormones and their commercial usesHomeostasis, and the skin in temperature controlInsulin and glucagon in blood sugar controlType 1 and type 2 diabetesOsmotic changes in body fluids, and the kidneysThe kidney tubule and the effect of ADHResponding to temperature and osmotic challenges
Scaling Up
Topic overviewDiffusion, osmosis and active transportMitosis, the cell cycle and cell differentiationStem cells in animals and meristems in plantsSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesThe circulatory system, the heart and blood vesselsRed blood cells and plasmaRoot hair cells, transpiration and translocationXylem and phloemFactors affecting water uptake, and the potometer
Organism Level Systems
The structure and function of the brain
- 3 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
The cerebrum and its two hemispheres, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and its control of balance and movement, the medulla and why damage to it is life-threatening, the role of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland as the master gland, and working out which region an injury has damaged.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
The cerebrum is made of two halves. What does each half control?
Key term
What is the cerebral cortex?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which is the largest part of the human brain and what is it responsible for?
Model answer
The cerebrum, which controls conscious thought, memory, language, intelligence and voluntary movement.
- 2
The cerebrum is made of two halves. What does each half control?
Model answer
The left cerebral hemisphere controls the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controls the left side.
- 3
What is the cerebral cortex?
Model answer
The highly folded outer layer of the cerebrum, where information is processed and conscious thought takes place.
- 4
Where is the cerebellum and what does it do?
Model answer
It lies at the back of the brain beneath the cerebrum, and it coordinates muscle movement, balance and posture so movements are smooth.
- 5
What does the medulla control?
Model answer
Unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate.
- 6
Explain why damage to the medulla is life-threatening.
Model answer
It controls the automatic processes such as breathing and heartbeat that keep the body alive, and these would stop being regulated.
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