What is the gender pay gap, and how large was it in 2024?

The gender pay gap is the difference between men's and women's average hourly pay. The ONS put it at about 7 per cent for full-time employees in April 2024.

How does the minimum wage treat young workers differently from older ones?

The National Living Wage has applied from age 21 since April 2024. Workers aged 18 to 20 and those under 18 have lower legal minimum rates for the same work.

What did the Marmot Review (2010) find about health and social class?

Michael Marmot's review for the government found a social gradient in health across England. The lower a person's social position, the shorter and less healthy their life tends to be.

Eduqas GCSE Sociology C200QS

Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Topic overview Key sociological concepts Nature, nurture and feral children Agents of socialisation and social control

Families

Topic overview Family diversity and global family forms Social change and family structures Conjugal roles and family relationships Theories of the role of the family Criticisms of the family

Education

Topic overview Theories of the role of education Processes inside schools Patterns of educational achievement Class, ethnicity and achievement Gender and achievement

Sociological Research Methods

Topic overview Types of data and their usefulness Questionnaires, interviews and observation Sampling techniques Practical issues in research Ethical issues in research

Social Differentiation and Stratification

Topic overview Theories of stratification Power and authority Evidence of inequality in the UK Factors affecting life chances Poverty and deprivation

Crime and Deviance

Topic overview Social construction of crime and deviance Social control, police and courts Patterns of crime by class, gender, ethnicity and age Theories of crime and deviance Sources of data on crime

Applied Methods of Sociological Enquiry

Topic overview Designing a sociological research project Interpreting graphs, charts and tables

Social Differentiation and Stratification

Evidence of inequality in the UK

3 things to know
Component 2

Overview

Life chances, income and wealth, the gender pay gap, the Marmot Review and life expectancy, hate crime, Stonewall's School Report, disability, religion at work, and ethnic discrimination in hiring.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What are life chances?

Key term

What is the difference between income and wealth?

Numbers

How unequally was household wealth shared in Great Britain between 2018 and 2020?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What are life chances?
Model answer
Life chances are a person's chances of gaining good things in life, such as health, education and a decent income. Weber used the term to show how class shapes opportunities.
2
What is the difference between income and wealth?
Model answer
Income is the flow of money received over time, such as wages or benefits. Wealth is the stock of assets owned, such as property, savings and pensions.
3
How unequally was household wealth shared in Great Britain between 2018 and 2020?
Model answer
The richest tenth of households held about 43 per cent of all wealth. The poorest half held about 9 per cent (ONS Wealth and Assets Survey, 2018 to 2020).
4
What is the gender pay gap, and how large was it in 2024?
Model answer
The gender pay gap is the difference between men's and women's average hourly pay. The ONS put it at about 7 per cent for full-time employees in April 2024.
5
How does the minimum wage treat young workers differently from older ones?
Model answer
The National Living Wage has applied from age 21 since April 2024. Workers aged 18 to 20 and those under 18 have lower legal minimum rates for the same work.
6
What did the Marmot Review (2010) find about health and social class?
Model answer
Michael Marmot's review for the government found a social gradient in health across England. The lower a person's social position, the shorter and less healthy their life tends to be.

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Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Families

Education

Sociological Research Methods

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