Evaluation
Edexcel GCSE Chemistry 1CH0
Key Concepts in Chemistry
Topic overviewFormulae, word equations and balanced equationsHazard symbols and assessing riskThe changing model of the atomProtons, neutrons and electronsThe nucleus, mass number and atomic massElements and isotopesCalculating particle numbers and relative atomic massMendeleev's periodic tableHow the modern periodic table is arrangedElectronic configuration and the periodic tableHow ionic bonds formIons in ionic compoundsFormulae of ionic compounds and ionic equationsNaming compounds and the ionic latticeCovalent bonds and moleculesDot and cross diagrams for simple moleculesClassifying substances and the properties of ionic compoundsProperties of simple molecular substances, and forms of carbonGraphite and diamondFullerenes and graphenePolymers and models of bondingThe properties of metalsRelative formula mass and percentage compositionEmpirical and molecular formulaeConservation of mass in closed and open systemsReacting masses from balanced equationsConcentration in grams per cubic decimetreMoles and the Avogadro constantLimiting reactants and stoichiometry
States of Matter and Mixtures
Topic overviewThe three states of matter and changes of stateEnergy changes during changes of state, and predicting statePure substances and melting point dataChoosing a separation techniqueSeparating a mixture in practicePaper chromatography and interpreting a chromatogramInvestigating inks by distillation and chromatographyMaking water potable
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewAcids, alkalis and the pH scaleIndicators: litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthaleinHydrogen ion concentration and the pH scaleInvestigating pH change when neutralising an acidDilute and concentrated, weak and strong acidsBases and alkalisReactions of acids, and testing for hydrogen and carbon dioxideNeutralisation and its ionic equationPreparing soluble salts from insoluble and soluble reactantsPreparing pure, dry copper sulfate crystalsCarrying out an acid-alkali titrationSolubility rulesPredicting precipitates and preparing an insoluble saltElectrolytes and what electrolysis isMovement of ions and predicting the products of molten electrolysisElectrolysis with inert electrodesWriting half equationsOxidation and reduction at the electrodesElectrolysis of copper sulfate solutionInvestigating the electrolysis of copper sulfate
Extracting Metals and Equilibria
Topic overviewInvestigating the reactivity of metalsDisplacement reactions as redox reactionsThe reactivity seriesOres, oxidation and reductionChoosing a method to extract a metalBiological methods of metal extractionCorrosion resistance and recycling metalsLife cycle assessmentReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe Haber process and its conditionsChanging the position of an equilibrium
Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes
Topic overviewTransition metals and their propertiesCorrosion and electroplatingPreventing rustingAlloys and alloy steelsHow the uses of metals relate to their propertiesConcentration in mol dm-3 and titration calculationsCarrying out an accurate titrationPercentage yieldAtom economy and choosing a reaction pathwayMolar volume of a gasAvogadro's law and gas volumesThe Haber processConditions used in industrial reactionsFertilisers and ammonium saltsPreparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industryChemical cells and fuel cellsEvaluating fuel cells
Groups in the Periodic Table
Topic overviewThe groups of the periodic table, and the alkali metalsReactions of the alkali metals with waterThe pattern in alkali metal reactivity and why it happensPhysical properties of the halogensThe test for chlorine, and halogens reacting with metalsHydrogen halides, and explaining halogen reactivityDisplacement reactions of the halogensGroup 0: the noble gases
Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes
Topic overviewInvestigating the rate of a reactionMeasuring rate and interpreting rate graphsCollision theory and factors affecting rateCatalysts and enzymesExothermic and endothermic changesBond breaking, bond making and the overall energy changeBond energies, activation energy and reaction profiles
Fuels and Earth Science
Topic overviewHydrocarbons and crude oilFractional distillation and the fractionsProperties of the fractions and homologous seriesComplete and incomplete combustionCarbon monoxide and sootPollutants and acid rainHydrogen and fossil fuels comparedCracking and why it is necessaryThe Earth's early atmosphereHow the oceans formed and how oxygen appearedThe test for oxygen and the greenhouse gasesToday's atmosphere and evidence for climate change
Chemical Analysis, Organic Chemistry and Materials
Topic overviewWhy an ion test must be unique, and flame testsTests for metal ions and for ammoniaTests for carbonate, sulfate and halide ionsIdentifying the ions in an unknown saltInstrumental methods and flame photometryAlkanes and why they are saturatedAlkenes and why they are unsaturatedReactions of alkenes, and combustionWhat a polymer is, and how poly(ethene) formsOther addition polymers, and monomers from polymersUses of polymers, and natural polymers including DNAPolyesters and condensation polymerisationProblems with polymers and recyclingAlcohols and the -OH functional groupComparing the energy released by alcohol fuelsMaking ethanol by fermentation and distillationCarboxylic acids and the -COOH functional groupOxidising alcohols to carboxylic acids, and homologous seriesThe size of nanoparticlesUses and risks of nanoparticlesChoosing a material for a use
Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes
- 17 subtopics
- 45 things to know
- Paper 1
What Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes covers
Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes is examined in Paper 1, Chemistry 1. It covers transition metals and their properties, corrosion and electroplating, preventing rusting, alloys and alloy steels, how the uses of metals relate to their properties, concentration in mol dm⁻³ and titration calculations, carrying out an accurate titration, percentage yield, atom economy and choosing a reaction pathway, molar volume of a gas, Avogadro's law and gas volumes, the Haber process, conditions used in industrial reactions, fertilisers and ammonium salts, preparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industry, chemical cells and fuel cells and evaluating fuel cells.
Where it is assessed
Paper 1
Chemistry 1: 1 hour 45 minutes, 100 marks, 50% of the GCSE.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 17 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Transition metals and their propertiesWhere the transition metals sit in the periodic table, their high melting points and densities, coloured compounds, iron as the ammonia catalyst, catalytic activity, and how sodium is untypical.Open →
- Corrosion and electroplatingCorrosion as oxidation, rusting and the need for oxygen and water, rust as hydrated iron(III) oxide, why magnesium dulls but gold does not, and electroplating with the object as the cathode, a suitable electrolyte, and why chromium and silver plating are used.Open →
- Preventing rustingPreventing rusting by painting, oiling and drying agents that exclude oxygen and water, sacrificial protection with magnesium blocks, galvanising with zinc, and why a tin coating protects only while it is unbroken.Open →
- Alloys and alloy steelsWhat an alloy is, why pure metals bend easily while atoms of a different size make alloys stronger and less malleable, gold alloys for rings, steel and stainless steel, and the properties of high-carbon and low-carbon steel.Open →
- How the uses of metals relate to their propertiesHow the properties of aluminium, copper and gold suit them to aircraft, electrical wiring, water pipes and electronic connectors, and the make-up and uses of the alloys magnalium and brass.Open →
- Concentration in mol dm-3 and titration calculationsConcentration in mol dm⁻³ and its link to moles and volume, converting between mol dm⁻³ and g dm⁻³, finding the mass of solute, calculating unknown concentrations and volumes from titration results using the reacting ratio, and spotting implausible answers.Open →
- Carrying out an accurate titrationThe pipette, burette and conical flask and how each is rinsed, removing air bubbles, suitable indicators and their colour changes, reaching the end point accurately, reading the burette, and concordant titres and the mean titre.Open →
- Percentage yieldTheoretical and actual yield, calculating a percentage yield, actual yield or theoretical yield, why a yield cannot exceed 100%, and how incomplete reactions, reversible reactions, practical losses and side reactions lower it.Open →
- Atom economy and choosing a reaction pathwayWhat atom economy measures and how it is calculated, how it differs from percentage yield, worked atom economies for calcium oxide, iron, copper, ammonia, hydrogen and oxygen, and choosing a reaction pathway by atom economy, yield, rate, equilibrium position, by-products and waste.Open →
- Molar volume of a gasWhat molar volume means, the 24 dm³ value at room temperature and pressure, why it is the same for every gas, and converting between moles, mass and gas volume in reactions.Open →
- Avogadro's law and gas volumesAvogadro's law, why it makes gas calculations simpler, working out reacting volumes for ammonia, carbon monoxide, methane and nitrogen monoxide, and why it fails for water at room temperature.Open →
- The Haber processThe elements combined and the ammonia made, the symbol equation and what ⇌ means, where the nitrogen and hydrogen are obtained, why one pass is incomplete, and fertiliser use.Open →
- Conditions used in industrial reactionsHow temperature, pressure, concentration and a catalyst change the time to reach equilibrium, rate against position of equilibrium, and why the Haber process compromises on temperature, pressure and yield.Open →
- Fertilisers and ammonium saltsThe nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that fertilisers supply and why they must be soluble compounds, what NPK means, making ammonium nitrate by neutralising ammonia with nitric acid, why it is an effective fertiliser, and crystallising it from solution.Open →
- Preparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industryPreparing ammonium sulfate in the laboratory from ammonia solution and dilute sulfuric acid by titration and crystallisation, its equation, and how and why the continuous, several-stage industrial process differs from the laboratory method.Open →
- Chemical cells and fuel cellsWhat a chemical cell is and why it stops producing a voltage, non-rechargeable and rechargeable cells, cells in series, and the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell, its reactants, equation and water product, and why it needs no recharging and emits no carbon dioxide.Open →
- Evaluating fuel cellsThe advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells, their use on spacecraft, the difficulty and danger of storing hydrogen, whether they are as clean as they seem, and comparing them with rechargeable batteries for cars and remote sites.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Explain, in terms of the arrangement of atoms, why an alloy is harder and less malleable than the pure metal.
Key term
Explain why the yield of a reaction is usually lower than the theoretical yield, with three kinds of reason.
Key term
What proportion of the metallic elements are transition metals?
Key term
What is corrosion?
Key term
Give two properties of aluminium that make it suitable for the body of an aircraft.
Key term
State the relationship between moles, concentration and volume of a solution.
Key term
Which piece of apparatus is used to transfer an accurate fixed volume of alkali into the conical flask?
Key term
Explain why a high atom economy matters in industry.
Key term
What value is used for the molar volume of a gas at room temperature and pressure?
Key term
State Avogadro's law.
Process
Name the two elements that combine in the Haber process.
Key term
How does raising the temperature affect how quickly a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium?
Key term
Name the three elements that fertilisers supply to plants.
Key term
Name the two substances used to prepare ammonium sulfate in the laboratory.
Key term
What is a chemical cell?
Evaluation
Give two disadvantages of hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells.
Key term
State two typical physical properties of a transition metal.
Key term
Which type of chemical reaction causes a metal to corrode?
Key term
Explain how painting a steel gate prevents it from rusting.
Key term
What is an alloy?
Key term
Explain why aluminium resists corrosion even though it is a reactive metal.
Numbers
How is a volume measured in cm³ converted into dm³?
Key term
Which piece of apparatus holds the acid so that the exact volume added can be measured?
Key term
State how the percentage yield of a reaction is calculated.
Key term
Distinguish between percentage yield and atom economy.
Key term
Explain why one mole of oxygen and one mole of helium occupy the same volume under the same conditions.
Key term
How does Avogadro's law make calculations on gaseous reactions simpler?
Process
What substance is manufactured in the Haber process?
Key term
How does increasing the pressure affect the time a gaseous reversible reaction takes to reach equilibrium?
Key term
Why do fertilisers contain compounds rather than the elements themselves?
Key term
Give the balanced equation for the laboratory preparation of ammonium sulfate.
Key term
Explain why a torch battery eventually stops working.
Key term
Why is the storage of hydrogen in a vehicle a safety concern?
Key term
How does the appearance of transition metal compounds differ from that of Group 1 compounds?
Key term
What name is given to the corrosion of iron?
Evaluation
Give one disadvantage of relying on paint to prevent rusting.
Key term
Describe how the atoms are arranged in a pure metal.
Key term
Explain why copper is used for electrical wiring.
Key term
How is a concentration in mol dm⁻³ converted into g dm⁻³?
Key term
Why is the burette rinsed with the acid before it is filled?
Numbers
A reaction with a theoretical yield of 6.0 g produces 4.8 g of product. Calculate the percentage yield.
Key term
Explain why an atom economy of 100% does not mean all the reactant is converted in practice.
Numbers
Calculate the volume occupied by 0.500 mol of carbon dioxide at room temperature and pressure.
Numbers
Calculate the volume of hydrogen needed to react completely with 50 cm³ of nitrogen in N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
Take Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Alloy vs Pure metal
Alloy: mixture of a metallic element with others, whose different-sized atoms distort the layers. Pure metal: single element whose identical atoms pack in regular layers that slide easily.
Percentage yield vs Atom economy
Percentage yield: actual mass of product as a fraction of the theoretical maximum. Atom economy: proportion of the reactants' mass that ends up as the desired product.
Theoretical yield vs Actual yield
Theoretical yield: maximum mass of product calculated from the balanced equation. Actual yield: mass of product really obtained from the experiment.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Where in the periodic table are the transition metals found?
Model answer
They are found in the block of elements between Group 2 and Group 3.
- 2
What proportion of the metallic elements are transition metals?
Model answer
Most metals are transition metals.
- 3
State two typical physical properties of a transition metal.
Model answer
Transition metals have high melting points and high densities.
- 4
How does the appearance of transition metal compounds differ from that of Group 1 compounds?
Model answer
Transition metal compounds are usually coloured, whereas Group 1 compounds are white.
- 5
Give the colour of copper(II) sulfate solution and of solid iron(III) oxide.
Model answer
Copper(II) sulfate solution is blue and iron(III) oxide is a red-brown solid.
- 6
Which transition metal is used as the catalyst in the industrial manufacture of ammonia?
Model answer
Iron is used as the catalyst.
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Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes revision questions
- What does Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes cover in Edexcel GCSE Chemistry?
- 17 subtopics: transition metals and their properties, corrosion and electroplating, preventing rusting, alloys and alloy steels, how the uses of metals relate to their properties, concentration in mol dm-3 and titration calculations, carrying out an accurate titration, percentage yield, atom economy and choosing a reaction pathway, molar volume of a gas, avogadro's law and gas volumes, the haber process, conditions used in industrial reactions, fertilisers and ammonium salts, preparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industry, chemical cells and fuel cells and evaluating fuel cells. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes organised?
- By the Edexcel 1CH0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
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