Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Biology 1SC0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Genetics
Topic overviewMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output and the equation linking them, calculating each from the other two, working out heart rate from a pulse count, converting to cubic decimetres, and why cardiac output rises during exercise.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
State what is meant by stroke volume.
Key term
State what is meant by cardiac output.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State the equation linking cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate.
Model answer
Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate.
- 2
State what is meant by stroke volume.
Model answer
Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one beat.
- 3
State what is meant by cardiac output.
Model answer
Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute.
- 4
A heart beats 72 times each minute and its stroke volume is 70 cm³. Calculate the cardiac output.
Model answer
70 × 72 = 5040 cm³ per minute.
- 5
A person has a cardiac output of 6000 cm³ per minute and a heart rate of 80 beats per minute. Calculate the stroke volume.
Model answer
6000 ÷ 80 = 75 cm³.
- 6
A person has a cardiac output of 4500 cm³ per minute and a stroke volume of 75 cm³. Calculate the heart rate.
Model answer
4500 ÷ 75 = 60 beats per minute.
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