Key term
OCR GCSE Biology A J247
Cell Level Systems
Topic overviewMicroscopy, and sub-cellular structuresDNA structure: polymer, double helix and nucleotidesEnzyme action, and investigating enzymesCellular respiration as an exothermic processAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedSynthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipidsPhotosynthesis: producers and the processPhotosynthesis as endothermic, and investigating itLimiting factors in photosynthesis
Community Level Systems
Genes, Inheritance and Selection
Topic overviewGenetic terms, and the genomeGenome, environment and mutationsAsexual and sexual reproduction comparedHaploid, diploid and meiosisSingle gene inheritance and Punnett squaresSex determination, multiple genes and Mendel's workVariation within a population, and classificationNatural selection and evolutionEvidence for evolution, and the work of Darwin and Wallace
Global Challenges
Topic overviewField investigations, and human impact on ecosystemsMaintaining biodiversity, monitoring conservation and ecotourismFood security, agricultural and biotechnological solutionsSelective breeding and genetic engineeringHealth, disease, and types of diseaseInteractions between diseases, and how they spreadReducing the spread of disease, and named examplesPhysical and chemical plant defencesWhite blood cells, antibodies and plateletsNon-specific defences and the immune systemVaccines, medicines and aseptic techniqueDeveloping new medicines, and non-communicable diseaseTreating cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle factorsCancer, and the use of stem cells in medicineGene technology in medicine, and the human genome
Organism Level Systems
Topic overviewThe nervous system and coordinated responsesThe reflex arcThe eye and its common defectsThe structure and function of the brainHormones and the endocrine glandsHormones in reproduction and the menstrual cycleMethods of contraceptionTropisms, auxin and the roles of plant hormonesHomeostasis, and the skin in temperature controlInsulin and the control of blood glucoseType 1 and type 2 diabetesOsmotic changes in body fluids, and the kidneysKidney structure and the parts of the tubule
Scaling Up
Topic overviewDiffusion, osmosis and active transportMitosis, the cell cycle and cell differentiationStem cells in animals and meristems in plantsSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesThe circulatory system, the heart and blood vesselsRed blood cells and plasmaRoot hair cells, transpiration and translocationXylem and phloemFactors affecting water uptake, and the potometer
Scaling Up
Stem cells in animals and meristems in plants
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
What stem cells are and where embryonic and adult stem cells are found, what meristems are and where they occur, how stem cells and meristems allow development, growth and repair, bone marrow stem cells replacing blood cells, growing a plant from a cutting, how embryonic and adult stem cells differ, why embryonic stem cells are useful yet controversial, and treating a patient with their own stem cells.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Which cells in a plant play the role that stem cells play in an animal?
Process
Name the three processes in an organism that stem cells make possible.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a stem cell?
Model answer
It is an undifferentiated cell that can keep dividing and can become one of a number of specialised cell types.
- 2
Where in an animal are embryonic stem cells found?
Model answer
In the very early embryo that forms soon after fertilisation.
- 3
Do fully grown animals still contain stem cells?
Model answer
Yes, adult animals keep stem cells in certain tissues throughout their lives.
- 4
Name two places in an adult human where stem cells are found.
Model answer
The bone marrow, and the lining of the gut.
- 5
What is a meristem?
Model answer
It is a region of a plant where unspecialised cells are able to keep dividing.
- 6
Where in a plant are meristems found?
Model answer
At the tips of the shoots and roots, and in the buds.
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