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Computer Networks, Connections and Protocols

Protocols, standards and layers

  • 3 things to know
  • J277/01

Overview

Standards and protocols, TCP and IP, HTTP and HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, POP and IMAP, choosing an email protocol, and why networking is organised into layers.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is a standard in computing?

Key term

Why are standards important to hardware and software manufacturers?

Key term

What is a network protocol?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is a standard in computing?

    Model answer

    A standard is an agreed set of rules for an area of computing, such as file formats or connections. Manufacturers follow the same standard so their products are compatible.

  2. 2

    Why are standards important to hardware and software manufacturers?

    Model answer

    Standards let hardware and software from different manufacturers work together. A printer from one company works with a laptop from another because both follow the same standards.

  3. 3

    What is a network protocol?

    Model answer

    A protocol is a set of rules for transferring data between devices. A protocol covers details such as data format, addressing and error checking.

  4. 4

    Why are different protocols used for different tasks?

    Model answer

    Each task has its own needs, such as secure payment, file transfer or collecting email. A protocol designed around one purpose can handle that task efficiently.

  5. 5

    What does TCP do?

    Model answer

    TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) splits data into numbered packets. TCP checks that every packet arrives, requests any missing ones and reassembles the packets in order.

  6. 6

    What does IP do in the TCP/IP protocol stack?

    Model answer

    IP (Internet Protocol) adds the source and destination IP addresses to each packet. IP routes each packet across networks towards its destination.

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