Key term
Edexcel GCSE Biology 1BI0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsFood tests and the energy in foodDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Topic overviewMitosis and the cell cycleWhy mitosis matters: growth, repair and cancerGrowth, differentiation and percentile chartsStem cells and their use in medicineThe structure and function of the brainNeurones, receptors and the reflex arcThe structure and function of the eyeEye defects and how they are corrected
Genetics
Topic overviewAsexual and sexual reproductionMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitMendel's work and the inheritance of blood groupsAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Topic overviewDarwin, Wallace and the theory of evolutionNatural selection and antibiotic resistanceFossil evidence for human evolutionStone tool evidence for human evolutionThe pentadactyl limb and the three domainsSelective breedingTissue cultureGenetic engineering and modern agricultureBenefits and risks of GM organisms
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsHow plants defend themselvesPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesAseptic technique in culturing microorganismsTesting antiseptics and antibiotics on bacterial culturesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Topic overviewPhotosynthesis as an endothermic reactionLimiting factors in photosynthesisLight intensity and the rate of photosynthesisRoot hair cells, xylem and phloemTranspiration and translocationLeaf structure for photosynthesis and gas exchangeFactors affecting the rate of transpirationPlant adaptations to extreme environmentsPlant hormones, phototropism and gravitropism
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Topic overviewHormones, endocrine glands and homeostasisThe menstrual cycle and its hormonesHormonal and barrier contraceptionHomeostasis and thermoregulationControlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes and body massThe urinary system and the production of ureaThe nephron, filtration and selective reabsorptionTreating kidney failure: dialysis and transplants
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeRate of diffusion and Fick's lawThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Topic overviewLevels of organisation and interdependenceAbiotic and biotic factors in a communityParasitism and mutualismSampling with quadrats and transectsEstimating population size from field dataEnergy transfer between trophic levelsHuman impact on ecosystems and biodiversityFood securityThe carbon cycleThe water and nitrogen cyclesFactors affecting the rate of decompositionCalculating the rate of decay
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Homeostasis and thermoregulation
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Thermoregulation and why enzymes fail when the body is too hot or too cold, osmoregulation and animal cells in dilute or concentrated solutions, the hypothalamus and temperature receptors, the dermis and epidermis, sweating and why humidity slows it, hair erector muscles, and shivering.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain why enzymes stop working if body temperature rises too far above normal.
Key term
Explain the effect on enzyme-controlled reactions of the body becoming too cold.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is thermoregulation?
Model answer
Thermoregulation is keeping the core body temperature constant at about 37 °C.
- 2
Explain why enzymes stop working if body temperature rises too far above normal.
Model answer
The enzyme denatures, so the shape of its active site changes and the substrate no longer fits.
- 3
Explain the effect on enzyme-controlled reactions of the body becoming too cold.
Model answer
Molecules move more slowly, so there are fewer successful collisions with enzymes and reactions slow down.
- 4
Suggest why a very high fever is dangerous.
Model answer
Enzymes begin to denature, so essential reactions in the cells slow down or stop altogether.
- 5
What is osmoregulation?
Model answer
Osmoregulation is controlling the water content of the body so that body fluids stay at the right concentration.
- 6
Explain what happens to an animal cell surrounded by a solution more dilute than its cytoplasm.
Model answer
Water moves into the cell by osmosis, the cell swells and it may burst.
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