Key term
Edexcel GCSE Biology 1BI0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsFood tests and the energy in foodDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Topic overviewMitosis and the cell cycleWhy mitosis matters: growth, repair and cancerGrowth, differentiation and percentile chartsStem cells and their use in medicineThe structure and function of the brainNeurones, receptors and the reflex arcThe structure and function of the eyeEye defects and how they are corrected
Genetics
Topic overviewAsexual and sexual reproductionMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitMendel's work and the inheritance of blood groupsAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Topic overviewDarwin, Wallace and the theory of evolutionNatural selection and antibiotic resistanceFossil evidence for human evolutionStone tool evidence for human evolutionThe pentadactyl limb and the three domainsSelective breedingTissue cultureGenetic engineering and modern agricultureBenefits and risks of GM organisms
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsHow plants defend themselvesPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesAseptic technique in culturing microorganismsTesting antiseptics and antibiotics on bacterial culturesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Topic overviewPhotosynthesis as an endothermic reactionLimiting factors in photosynthesisLight intensity and the rate of photosynthesisRoot hair cells, xylem and phloemTranspiration and translocationLeaf structure for photosynthesis and gas exchangeFactors affecting the rate of transpirationPlant adaptations to extreme environmentsPlant hormones, phototropism and gravitropism
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Topic overviewHormones, endocrine glands and homeostasisThe menstrual cycle and its hormonesHormonal and barrier contraceptionHomeostasis and thermoregulationControlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes and body massThe urinary system and the production of ureaThe nephron, filtration and selective reabsorptionTreating kidney failure: dialysis and transplants
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeRate of diffusion and Fick's lawThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Topic overviewLevels of organisation and interdependenceAbiotic and biotic factors in a communityParasitism and mutualismSampling with quadrats and transectsEstimating population size from field dataEnergy transfer between trophic levelsHuman impact on ecosystems and biodiversityFood securityThe carbon cycleThe water and nitrogen cyclesFactors affecting the rate of decompositionCalculating the rate of decay
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
What happens in cellular respiration, why it is exothermic and continuous in every living cell, how its energy is used for muscle contraction, building large molecules, active transport and keeping mammals warm, and the two types of respiration.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
State where in an organism respiration takes place.
Key term
Explain why respiration must go on continuously.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Describe what happens during cellular respiration.
Model answer
Glucose is broken down inside cells and the energy stored in it is released for the cell to use.
- 2
State what is meant by saying that respiration is exothermic.
Model answer
It transfers energy out to the surroundings, warming them.
- 3
State where in an organism respiration takes place.
Model answer
Respiration takes place continuously in every living cell.
- 4
Explain why respiration must go on continuously.
Model answer
Cells need a constant supply of energy for their processes, and released energy cannot be stockpiled.
- 5
Name three processes that use the energy released by respiration.
Model answer
Muscle contraction, building large molecules from smaller ones, and keeping the body warm.
- 6
Describe how energy from respiration is used to build new substances.
Model answer
It is used to join small molecules into larger ones, such as amino acids into proteins.
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