Key term
OCR GCSE Chemistry A J248
Chemical Reactions
Topic overviewWriting formulae of elements and compoundsBalanced equations, and deducing formulae from ionsIonic equations, and state symbolsThe mole and the Avogadro constantConservation of mass, and changes of mass in open systemsStoichiometry, and calculating reacting massesExothermic and endothermic reactions, and reaction profilesActivation energy, and bond energy calculationsOxidation and reduction, by oxygen and by electronsAcids, alkalis and neutralisationThe ionic equation for neutralisation, and reactions of acidsDilute and concentrated, weak and strongThe pH scale, and hydrogen ion concentrationpH as a factor of ten, and measuring pHProducts at the electrodes, and molten ionic compoundsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsInert and non-inert electrodes
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Topic overviewPurity, and melting point dataRelative formula mass and empirical formulaeFormulations, and separating mixturesPaper and thin layer chromatographyInterpreting chromatograms and Rf valuesChoosing a purification methodMetals and non-metals in the Periodic TableElectron arrangement and position in the Periodic TableIonic, covalent and metallic bonding comparedDot and cross diagrams, and the limits of modelsReactions, electron arrangement and Mendeleev's tableCarbon's four bonds, and the variety of organic compoundsDiamond, graphite, fullerenes and grapheneBond strength, intermolecular forces and predicting stateBulk properties of ionic, molecular and giant structuresNanoparticles: size and surface area to volumeUses and risks of nanoparticulate materials
Global Challenges
Topic overviewExtracting metals by reduction and by electrolysisBiological methods of metal extractionRate against yield in industry, and reaction conditionsThe Haber process and fertiliser productionNitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in agricultureLife cycle assessmentRecycling, and the decisions behind itAlloys, and the corrosion of metalsComparing glass, ceramics, polymers, composites and metalsFunctional groups and homologous seriesPredicting the products of organic reactionsAddition polymerisationCondensation polymerisation, and making a polymerDNA and other natural polymersFractional distillation of crude oilThe fractions, and crude oil as a feedstockDependence on hydrocarbons, and crackingChemical cells and fuel cellsThe Earth's early atmosphere, and how oxygen developedThe greenhouse effect, and evidence for climate changeEffects of carbon dioxide and methane, and air pollutantsProducing potable water
Monitoring and Controlling Chemical Reactions
Topic overviewConcentration in mol/dm³, and titrationTitration calculations, and the mass of a soluteMolar gas volume and the volumes of gasesTheoretical mass and percentage yieldAtom economy, and choosing a reaction pathwayMeasuring the rate of a reaction, and rate graphsFactors affecting rate, and collision theorySurface area and rateCatalysts and how they workReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumChanging the conditions of an equilibriumActivation energy, and enzymes as catalysts
Particles
Predicting and Identifying Reactions
Topic overviewGroups 1, 7 and 0, and why they behave as they doTransition metalsPredicting reactivity from the Periodic TableReactivity of metals with water and acidsTests for oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and chlorineTests for aqueous cations and anionsFlame tests, and identifying metal ionsIdentifying a species from test resultsInstrumental methods of analysis
Global Challenges
Functional groups and homologous series
- 2 things to know
- Paper 4
Overview
What a homologous series and a functional group are, the general formulae of the alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids, the C=C and –OH groups, identifying a series from a molecular formula, the first four members of each series, the formulae of propane, but-1-ene and ethanoic acid, and how the atoms in ethene are joined.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Which functional group must a molecule contain to be classed as an alkene, and which to be classed as an alcohol?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is meant by a homologous series?
Model answer
A family of organic compounds that share the same functional group and general formula, in which each member differs from the next by CH₂.
- 2
What is a functional group?
Model answer
The atom or group of atoms in a molecule that gives that molecule its characteristic chemical reactions.
- 3
What is the general formula of the alkanes?
Model answer
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
- 4
What is the general formula of the alkenes that contain one double bond?
Model answer
CₙH₂ₙ.
- 5
What is the general formula of the alcohols?
Model answer
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH.
- 6
What is the general formula of the carboxylic acids?
Model answer
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH.
Other ways to work this
The same content, four other ways.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Every question in Global Challenges, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.