Key term
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7Transition metals, and how they differ from Group 1
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenesSizes of particles and their propertiesUses of nanoparticles
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationTitrationsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutions
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Topic overviewCrude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanesFractional distillation and petrochemicalsProperties of hydrocarbonsCracking, and testing alkenes with bromine waterWhy cracking is useful, and equations for itStructure and formulae of alkenesReactions of alkenesAlcoholsCarboxylic acidsAddition polymerisationAmino acids, DNA and naturally occurring polymers
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Using Resources
Topic overviewUsing the Earth's resources and sustainable developmentProducing potable water in the UKDesalination, and analysing water samplesWaste water treatmentLife cycle assessmentWays of reducing the use of resourcesCorrosion and its preventionAlloys as useful materialsGlass, clay ceramics and polymersComposites, and comparing materialsThe Haber processProduction and uses of NPK fertilisers
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Development of the periodic table
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
How early tables ordered elements by atomic weight and why they were faulty, Mendeleev's gaps and reordering, how his predictions were confirmed, and how isotopes explained the anomalies.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What eventually happened to the gaps Mendeleev left?
Key term
Which later discovery explained why ordering by atomic weight was not always correct?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Before protons, neutrons and electrons were known, in what order did scientists arrange the elements?
Model answer
They arranged them in order of their atomic weights.
- 2
Why could the earliest classifiers of the elements not use atomic number?
Model answer
Because subatomic particles had not yet been discovered, so proton numbers were unknown.
- 3
Give two faults with the early periodic tables.
Model answer
They were incomplete, and some elements ended up in groups where their properties did not fit.
- 4
Why were some elements misplaced when strict atomic weight order was followed?
Model answer
Because that order did not always put elements with similar properties in the same column.
- 5
Why were the early tables incomplete?
Model answer
Because many elements had not yet been discovered, so there was nothing to place in those positions.
- 6
What did Mendeleev do about elements he believed had not yet been discovered?
Model answer
He left gaps for them in his table.
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