Key term
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7Transition metals, and how they differ from Group 1
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenesSizes of particles and their propertiesUses of nanoparticles
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationTitrationsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutions
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Topic overviewCrude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanesFractional distillation and petrochemicalsProperties of hydrocarbonsCracking, and testing alkenes with bromine waterWhy cracking is useful, and equations for itStructure and formulae of alkenesReactions of alkenesAlcoholsCarboxylic acidsAddition polymerisationAmino acids, DNA and naturally occurring polymers
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Using Resources
Topic overviewUsing the Earth's resources and sustainable developmentProducing potable water in the UKDesalination, and analysing water samplesWaste water treatmentLife cycle assessmentWays of reducing the use of resourcesCorrosion and its preventionAlloys as useful materialsGlass, clay ceramics and polymersComposites, and comparing materialsThe Haber processProduction and uses of NPK fertilisers
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Group 7
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
The halogens as non-metals with seven outer electrons that exist as pairs of atoms, ionic metal halides and covalent compounds with non-metals, rising melting and boiling points and falling reactivity down the group, displacement reactions, and why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What charge does a halide ion carry in a compound with a metal?
Key term
What type of bonding is formed when a halogen reacts with a non-metal?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What are the elements of Group 7 known as?
Model answer
They are known as the halogens.
- 2
How many electrons do halogen atoms have in their outer shell?
Model answer
Seven.
- 3
Why do the halogens have similar reactions?
Model answer
Because all of their atoms have seven outer electrons.
- 4
Are the halogens metals or non-metals?
Model answer
They are non-metals.
- 5
How do the halogens exist as elements?
Model answer
They exist as molecules made of pairs of atoms, such as Cl₂.
- 6
What type of compound is formed when chlorine reacts with a metal?
Model answer
An ionic compound, a metal chloride containing Cl⁻ ions.
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