Key term
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7Transition metals, and how they differ from Group 1
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenesSizes of particles and their propertiesUses of nanoparticles
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationTitrationsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutions
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Topic overviewCrude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanesFractional distillation and petrochemicalsProperties of hydrocarbonsCracking, and testing alkenes with bromine waterWhy cracking is useful, and equations for itStructure and formulae of alkenesReactions of alkenesAlcoholsCarboxylic acidsAddition polymerisationAmino acids, DNA and naturally occurring polymers
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Using Resources
Topic overviewUsing the Earth's resources and sustainable developmentProducing potable water in the UKDesalination, and analysing water samplesWaste water treatmentLife cycle assessmentWays of reducing the use of resourcesCorrosion and its preventionAlloys as useful materialsGlass, clay ceramics and polymersComposites, and comparing materialsThe Haber processProduction and uses of NPK fertilisers
Using Resources
Composites, and comparing materials
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
How low and high density poly(ethene) form from ethene, the structures of thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers, composites with a matrix and reinforcement such as concrete, wood and carbon fibre, and comparing density, strength, melting point, brittleness and conductivity to choose a material for a job.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Explain the difference in structure between a thermosoftening and a thermosetting polymer.
Key term
What is the reinforcement in a composite?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Explain how low density and high density poly(ethene) can both be made from ethene.
Model answer
Different catalysts and different temperatures and pressures are used, so the chains formed pack together differently.
- 2
Explain the difference in structure between a thermosoftening and a thermosetting polymer.
Model answer
A thermosoftening polymer has separate chains held together by weak forces, while a thermosetting polymer has strong cross-links joining the chains into one network.
- 3
Explain why a thermosetting polymer does not melt when it is heated.
Model answer
Its strong cross-links hold the chains in a fixed network, so the chains cannot move apart from each other.
- 4
What is a composite material?
Model answer
A material made from two materials, in which a matrix or binder surrounds and holds together fibres or fragments of the other material.
- 5
What is the reinforcement in a composite?
Model answer
The fibres or fragments that are surrounded and bound together by the matrix.
- 6
What is the job of the matrix in a composite?
Model answer
It surrounds the reinforcement, binds it together and holds it in place.
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