Key term
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7Transition metals, and how they differ from Group 1
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenesSizes of particles and their propertiesUses of nanoparticles
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationTitrationsStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Topic overviewCrude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanesFractional distillation and petrochemicalsProperties of hydrocarbonsCracking, and testing alkenes with bromine waterWhy cracking is useful, and equations for itStructure and formulae of alkenesReactions of alkenesAlcoholsCarboxylic acidsAddition polymerisationCondensation polymerisationAmino acids, DNA and naturally occurring polymers
Quantitative Chemistry
Topic overviewConservation of mass and balanced chemical equationsRelative formula mass and concentration of solutionsMass changes when a gas is involved, and measurement uncertaintyMolesAmounts of substances in equations, and balancing using molesLimiting reactantsPercentage yieldAtom economyUsing concentrations of solutions in mol/dmUse of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Using Resources
Topic overviewUsing the Earth's resources and sustainable developmentProducing potable water in the UKDesalination, and analysing water samplesWaste water treatmentAlternative methods of extracting metalsLife cycle assessmentWays of reducing the use of resourcesCorrosion and its preventionAlloys as useful materialsGlass, clay ceramics and polymersComposites, and comparing materialsThe Haber processProduction and uses of NPK fertilisers
Chemical Analysis
Tests for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The burning splint test for hydrogen, the glowing splint test for oxygen, limewater turning milky for carbon dioxide, damp litmus paper bleached white by chlorine, why each test is carried out as it is, and identifying a gas from the result.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Describe the test for chlorine gas, the result seen, and why the litmus paper is moistened first.
Key term
Describe the test for hydrogen gas and the result you would see.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Describe the test for hydrogen gas and the result you would see.
Model answer
Hold a burning splint at the open end of a test tube of the gas; hydrogen burns rapidly with a squeaky pop.
- 2
A gas in a test tube gives a squeaky pop when a lit splint is held at the open end. Which gas is it?
Model answer
It is hydrogen.
- 3
Why is a burning splint rather than a glowing one used to test for hydrogen?
Model answer
A flame is needed to ignite the hydrogen so that it burns rapidly and gives the pop.
- 4
Describe the test for oxygen gas and the result you would see.
Model answer
Insert a glowing splint into a test tube of the gas; oxygen makes the splint relight.
- 5
A glowing splint bursts back into flame when it is pushed into a test tube of gas. Which gas is present?
Model answer
It is oxygen.
- 6
Why must the splint used to test for oxygen be glowing rather than fully alight?
Model answer
The observation that shows oxygen is the splint relighting, which cannot be seen if the splint is already burning.
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