Key term
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7Transition metals, and how they differ from Group 1
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenesSizes of particles and their propertiesUses of nanoparticles
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationTitrationsStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Topic overviewCrude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanesFractional distillation and petrochemicalsProperties of hydrocarbonsCracking, and testing alkenes with bromine waterWhy cracking is useful, and equations for itStructure and formulae of alkenesReactions of alkenesAlcoholsCarboxylic acidsAddition polymerisationCondensation polymerisationAmino acids, DNA and naturally occurring polymers
Quantitative Chemistry
Topic overviewConservation of mass and balanced chemical equationsRelative formula mass and concentration of solutionsMass changes when a gas is involved, and measurement uncertaintyMolesAmounts of substances in equations, and balancing using molesLimiting reactantsPercentage yieldAtom economyUsing concentrations of solutions in mol/dmUse of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Using Resources
Topic overviewUsing the Earth's resources and sustainable developmentProducing potable water in the UKDesalination, and analysing water samplesWaste water treatmentAlternative methods of extracting metalsLife cycle assessmentWays of reducing the use of resourcesCorrosion and its preventionAlloys as useful materialsGlass, clay ceramics and polymersComposites, and comparing materialsThe Haber processProduction and uses of NPK fertilisers
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Global climate change and carbon footprints
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Rising average global temperature and how more greenhouse gases cause it, potential effects on sea levels, extreme weather, rainfall and wild species, what a carbon footprint is and how it is reduced, carbon capture and storage, cutting methane emissions, and why action may be limited.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain how increasing greenhouse gases leads to climate change.
Key term
What two things should be weighed up when judging how serious a predicted effect of climate change is?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a major cause of climate change?
Model answer
An increase in the average global temperature.
- 2
Explain how increasing greenhouse gases leads to climate change.
Model answer
More greenhouse gas absorbs more of the long wavelength radiation leaving the Earth, so the average global temperature rises and the climate changes.
- 3
Why are the consequences of global climate change described as potential effects rather than certainties?
Model answer
They are predictions made using simplified models, so each one has a chance of happening rather than being certain.
- 4
What two things should be weighed up when judging how serious a predicted effect of climate change is?
Model answer
How large the effect would be and how likely it is to happen.
- 5
Describe four potential effects of global climate change.
Model answer
Rising sea levels, more frequent or severe extreme weather, changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, and changes in the distribution of wild species.
- 6
Explain why sea levels rise as average global temperature increases.
Model answer
Ice on land melts and adds water to the oceans, and sea water expands as it warms.
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