Key term
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7Transition metals, and how they differ from Group 1
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenesSizes of particles and their propertiesUses of nanoparticles
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationTitrationsStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Topic overviewCrude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanesFractional distillation and petrochemicalsProperties of hydrocarbonsCracking, and testing alkenes with bromine waterWhy cracking is useful, and equations for itStructure and formulae of alkenesReactions of alkenesAlcoholsCarboxylic acidsAddition polymerisationCondensation polymerisationAmino acids, DNA and naturally occurring polymers
Quantitative Chemistry
Topic overviewConservation of mass and balanced chemical equationsRelative formula mass and concentration of solutionsMass changes when a gas is involved, and measurement uncertaintyMolesAmounts of substances in equations, and balancing using molesLimiting reactantsPercentage yieldAtom economyUsing concentrations of solutions in mol/dmUse of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Using Resources
Topic overviewUsing the Earth's resources and sustainable developmentProducing potable water in the UKDesalination, and analysing water samplesWaste water treatmentAlternative methods of extracting metalsLife cycle assessmentWays of reducing the use of resourcesCorrosion and its preventionAlloys as useful materialsGlass, clay ceramics and polymersComposites, and comparing materialsThe Haber processProduction and uses of NPK fertilisers
Quantitative Chemistry
Amounts of substances in equations, and balancing using moles
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
The steps of a reacting mass calculation, mole ratios from balancing numbers, worked masses for magnesium oxide, carbon dioxide and ammonia, deducing a balanced equation from reacting masses, and rearranging the moles formula.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What two pieces of information are needed to calculate the mass of a product from the mass of a reactant?
Process
Outline the steps used to calculate the mass of a product from a given mass of reactant.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What two pieces of information are needed to calculate the mass of a product from the mass of a reactant?
Model answer
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction and the relative formula masses of the substances involved.
- 2
Outline the steps used to calculate the mass of a product from a given mass of reactant.
Model answer
Convert the known mass to moles, use the ratio in the balanced equation to find the moles of the other substance, then multiply by its relative formula mass.
- 3
What do the balancing numbers in a symbol equation tell you about amounts in moles?
Model answer
They give the ratio of the numbers of moles of each substance that react and that are produced.
- 4
In 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, how many moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen?
Model answer
Two moles.
- 5
State in moles what the equation Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂ shows.
Model answer
One mole of magnesium reacts with two moles of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of magnesium chloride and one mole of hydrogen gas.
- 6
For Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, how many moles of hydrochloric acid are needed to react completely with 0.5 mol of magnesium?
Model answer
1 mol.
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