Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 1SC0
Key Concepts in Chemistry
Topic overviewFormulae, word equations and balanced equationsHazard symbols and assessing riskThe changing model of the atomProtons, neutrons and electronsThe nucleus, mass number and atomic massElements and isotopesCalculating particle numbers and relative atomic massMendeleev's periodic tableHow the modern periodic table is arrangedElectronic configuration and the periodic tableHow ionic bonds formIons in ionic compoundsFormulae of ionic compoundsNaming compounds and the ionic latticeCovalent bonds and moleculesDot and cross diagrams for simple moleculesClassifying substances and the properties of ionic compoundsProperties of simple molecular substances, and forms of carbonGraphite and diamondFullerenes and graphenePolymers and models of bondingThe properties of metalsRelative formula mass and percentage compositionEmpirical and molecular formulaeConservation of mass in closed and open systemsReacting masses from balanced equationsConcentration in grams per cubic decimetre
States of Matter and Mixtures
Topic overviewThe three states of matter and changes of stateEnergy changes during changes of state, and predicting statePure substances and melting point dataChoosing a separation techniqueSeparating a mixture in practicePaper chromatography and interpreting a chromatogramInvestigating inks by distillation and chromatographyMaking water potable
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewAcids, alkalis and the pH scaleIndicators: litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthaleinInvestigating pH change when neutralising an acidBases and alkalisReactions of acids, and testing for hydrogen and carbon dioxideNeutralisation and its ionic equationPreparing soluble salts from insoluble and soluble reactantsPreparing pure, dry copper sulfate crystalsCarrying out an acid-alkali titrationSolubility rulesPredicting precipitates and preparing an insoluble saltElectrolytes and what electrolysis isMovement of ions and predicting the products of molten electrolysisElectrolysis with inert electrodesElectrolysis of copper sulfate solutionInvestigating the electrolysis of copper sulfate
Extracting Metals and Equilibria
Groups in the Periodic Table
Topic overviewThe groups of the periodic table, and the alkali metalsReactions of the alkali metals with waterThe pattern in alkali metal reactivity and why it happensPhysical properties of the halogensThe test for chlorine, and halogens reacting with metalsHydrogen halides, and explaining halogen reactivityDisplacement reactions of the halogensGroup 0: the noble gases
Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes
Fuels and Earth Science
Topic overviewHydrocarbons and crude oilFractional distillation and the fractionsProperties of the fractions and homologous seriesComplete and incomplete combustionCarbon monoxide and sootPollutants and acid rainHydrogen and fossil fuels comparedCracking and why it is necessaryThe Earth's early atmosphereHow the oceans formed and how oxygen appearedThe test for oxygen and the greenhouse gasesToday's atmosphere and evidence for climate change
Fuels and Earth Science
Carbon monoxide and soot
- 3 things to know
- Paper 4
Overview
Why carbon monoxide is toxic and hard to detect, how it binds to haemoglobin, carbon monoxide alarms, and how soot from incomplete combustion blocks appliances, creates fire and health risks, and why appliances are serviced.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Name the substance in the blood that carbon monoxide attaches to.
Key term
Explain why breathing in carbon monoxide can cause fainting and even death.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Explain why carbon monoxide is described as a toxic gas.
Model answer
Carbon monoxide binds to the haemoglobin in red blood cells, which reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry.
- 2
Name the substance in the blood that carbon monoxide attaches to.
Model answer
Carbon monoxide attaches to haemoglobin.
- 3
Explain why breathing in carbon monoxide can cause fainting and even death.
Model answer
The brain and other tissues are starved of oxygen because the blood can no longer carry enough of it.
- 4
Explain why the binding of carbon monoxide to haemoglobin is so serious.
Model answer
The binding is strong and not easily reversed, so that haemoglobin can no longer transport oxygen.
- 5
Explain why carbon monoxide is particularly dangerous inside a home.
Model answer
It is colourless and has no smell, so people cannot detect it before they are affected by it.
- 6
Suggest why an alarm that detects carbon monoxide is fitted near a gas boiler.
Model answer
An alarm detects a gas that people cannot see or smell and warns them before they are poisoned.
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