Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 1SC0
Key Concepts in Chemistry
Topic overviewFormulae, word equations and balanced equationsHazard symbols and assessing riskThe changing model of the atomProtons, neutrons and electronsThe nucleus, mass number and atomic massElements and isotopesCalculating particle numbers and relative atomic massMendeleev's periodic tableHow the modern periodic table is arrangedElectronic configuration and the periodic tableHow ionic bonds formIons in ionic compoundsFormulae of ionic compoundsNaming compounds and the ionic latticeCovalent bonds and moleculesDot and cross diagrams for simple moleculesClassifying substances and the properties of ionic compoundsProperties of simple molecular substances, and forms of carbonGraphite and diamondFullerenes and graphenePolymers and models of bondingThe properties of metalsRelative formula mass and percentage compositionEmpirical and molecular formulaeConservation of mass in closed and open systemsReacting masses from balanced equationsConcentration in grams per cubic decimetre
States of Matter and Mixtures
Topic overviewThe three states of matter and changes of stateEnergy changes during changes of state, and predicting statePure substances and melting point dataChoosing a separation techniqueSeparating a mixture in practicePaper chromatography and interpreting a chromatogramInvestigating inks by distillation and chromatographyMaking water potable
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewAcids, alkalis and the pH scaleIndicators: litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthaleinInvestigating pH change when neutralising an acidBases and alkalisReactions of acids, and testing for hydrogen and carbon dioxideNeutralisation and its ionic equationPreparing soluble salts from insoluble and soluble reactantsPreparing pure, dry copper sulfate crystalsCarrying out an acid-alkali titrationSolubility rulesPredicting precipitates and preparing an insoluble saltElectrolytes and what electrolysis isMovement of ions and predicting the products of molten electrolysisElectrolysis with inert electrodesElectrolysis of copper sulfate solutionInvestigating the electrolysis of copper sulfate
Extracting Metals and Equilibria
Groups in the Periodic Table
Topic overviewThe groups of the periodic table, and the alkali metalsReactions of the alkali metals with waterThe pattern in alkali metal reactivity and why it happensPhysical properties of the halogensThe test for chlorine, and halogens reacting with metalsHydrogen halides, and explaining halogen reactivityDisplacement reactions of the halogensGroup 0: the noble gases
Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes
Fuels and Earth Science
Topic overviewHydrocarbons and crude oilFractional distillation and the fractionsProperties of the fractions and homologous seriesComplete and incomplete combustionCarbon monoxide and sootPollutants and acid rainHydrogen and fossil fuels comparedCracking and why it is necessaryThe Earth's early atmosphereHow the oceans formed and how oxygen appearedThe test for oxygen and the greenhouse gasesToday's atmosphere and evidence for climate change
Fuels and Earth Science
Today's atmosphere and evidence for climate change
- 3 things to know
- Paper 4
Overview
The correlation between carbon dioxide and temperature and why it is not proof, uncertainties in historical and local evidence, ice cores, the composition of today's atmosphere, human sources of carbon dioxide and methane, the effects of climate change and ways to limit it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain how the consumption of fossil fuels is linked to rising carbon dioxide concentration.
Key term
Describe one uncertainty in the evidence that is caused by where the measurements are taken.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Describe the correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and average global temperature over the last two centuries.
Model answer
Both have risen over the same period, which is a positive correlation.
- 2
Explain why a correlation between carbon dioxide levels and temperature does not on its own prove that one causes the other.
Model answer
Two quantities can rise together for other reasons, so a mechanism and further evidence are needed before cause can be claimed.
- 3
Explain how the consumption of fossil fuels is linked to rising carbon dioxide concentration.
Model answer
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, and the amount burned has risen over the same period as the concentration.
- 4
Describe one uncertainty in the evidence that is caused by where the measurements are taken.
Model answer
Readings taken in a city can be much higher than the global average because of nearby traffic and industry.
- 5
Explain why historical temperature records are less reliable than modern ones.
Model answer
Older measurements were made with less accurate instruments and covered far fewer places on the Earth.
- 6
Name a source of evidence about carbon dioxide levels from before instruments existed.
Model answer
Air bubbles trapped in ice cores record the composition of the atmosphere at the time the ice formed.
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