Process
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutions
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Organic Chemistry
Fractional distillation and petrochemicals
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 2
Overview
Separating crude oil into fractions of similar-sized molecules by fractional distillation, fuels such as petrol, diesel and kerosene, petrochemical feedstock for solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents, why carbon forms so many compounds, homologous series, and how the fractionating column works.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is meant by feedstock in the petrochemical industry?
Key term
Name three fuels produced from crude oil.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the process used to separate crude oil into fractions.
Model answer
Fractional distillation.
- 2
What do the molecules within a single fraction of crude oil have in common?
Model answer
They all contain a similar number of carbon atoms.
- 3
What is a fraction of crude oil?
Model answer
A fraction is a group of hydrocarbons separated from crude oil whose molecules are of a similar size and so boil over a similar range of temperatures.
- 4
Explain why crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation.
Model answer
Its hydrocarbons have different boiling points, which depend on the size of their molecules, so they condense at different temperatures.
- 5
What two broad kinds of useful product are made by processing the fractions of crude oil?
Model answer
Fuels, and feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
- 6
What is meant by feedstock in the petrochemical industry?
Model answer
Feedstock is the raw material fed into the industry and used to make other chemicals.
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