Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over AAtmospheric pressureDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quickly
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Forces
Linear and non-linear extension, and work done on a spring
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Finding the spring constant from force and extension or from a graph, what linear and non-linear mean, the energy stored in a stretched spring, and a method for investigating extension.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Describe the difference between a linear and a non-linear relationship between force and extension.
Key term
What does a large spring constant tell you about a spring?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What two measurements are needed to find the spring constant of a spring?
Model answer
The force applied to the spring and the extension that force produces.
- 2
Describe the difference between a linear and a non-linear relationship between force and extension.
Model answer
In a linear relationship equal increases in force always give equal increases in extension, while in a non-linear relationship they do not.
- 3
A force of 8 N produces an extension of 0.16 m in a spring. Calculate the spring constant.
Model answer
Spring constant = 8 ÷ 0.16 = 50 N/m.
- 4
In an investigation each extra 1 N adds 2 cm of extension for the first three loads but 3.5 cm for the fourth. What does this show?
Model answer
The limit of proportionality has been passed, so the relationship is no longer linear.
- 5
Explain how the spring constant can be found from a graph of force against extension.
Model answer
It is the gradient of the straight-line part of the graph.
- 6
What does a large spring constant tell you about a spring?
Model answer
The spring is stiff, because a large force is needed for each metre of extension.
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