Process
AQA A-Level Chemistry 7405
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewFundamental ParticlesMass Number and IsotopesTime of Flight Mass Spectrometry: Ionisation and AccelerationTime of Flight Mass Spectrometry: Drift, Detection and Calculating m/zElectron Configuration: Sub-shells and OrbitalsElectron Configuration: Writing Configurations for Atoms and IonsIonisation Energies and Periodic Trends
Amount of Substance
Topic overviewRelative Atomic and Molecular MassThe Mole and the Avogadro ConstantThe Ideal Gas EquationEmpirical and Molecular FormulaBalanced Equations and Reaction CalculationsAtom Economy and Percentage YieldAcid-Base Titrations: Principles, Indicators and ApparatusAcid-Base Titrations: Standard Solutions and Calculations
Bonding
Topic overviewIonic BondingCovalent, Dative Covalent and Metallic BondingCrystal Structures: Giant Ionic Lattices and DiamondCrystal Structures: Graphite and Simple Molecular SolidsShapes of Molecules and Ions: VSEPR and Electron Pair RepulsionShapes of Molecules and Ions: Predicting Shapes and Bond AnglesElectronegativity and Bond PolarityIntermolecular Forces
Energetics and Thermodynamics
Kinetics
Topic overviewCollision Theory and Activation EnergyMaxwell-Boltzmann Distribution and the Effect of TemperatureEffect of Concentration and Pressure, and CatalystsRate Equations: The Rate Equation and Orders of ReactionRate Equations: The Effect of Concentration on RateThe Rate Constant and the Arrhenius EquationDetermining Rate Equations: The Initial Rates MethodDetermining Rate Equations: Continuous MonitoringRate Equations and Reaction Mechanisms
Chemical Equilibria
Redox and Electrochemistry
Topic overviewRedox: Definitions and the Rules for Oxidation StatesRedox: Identifying Oxidation and Reduction in a ReactionHalf-Equations and Combined Redox EquationsStandard Electrode Potentials and the Hydrogen ElectrodeElectrochemical Cells and EMF CalculationsPredicting Redox Reactions from Electrode PotentialsCommercial Cells and Fuel Cells
Acids and Bases
Periodicity and Group Chemistry
Topic overviews, p, d and f Block ClassificationTrends in Period 3Group 2 Trends in Atomic Radius, Ionisation Energy and Melting PointReactions of Group 2 with WaterSolubility Trends of Group 2 HydroxidesSolubility Trends of Group 2 SulfatesUses of Group 2 CompoundsTest for Sulfate IonsTrends in Electronegativity and Boiling Point of HalogensHalogens as Oxidising Agents and Displacement ReactionsHalide Ions as Reducing Agents: Chloride and BromideHalide Ions as Reducing Agents: Iodide, and the EquationsTest for Halide Ions Using Silver NitrateTests for Ammonium, Group 2, Hydroxide and Carbonate IonsReactions of Chlorine with WaterReactions of Chlorine with Cold Dilute NaOH and Water Treatment
Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides
Topic overviewReactions of Na and Mg with WaterPeriod 3 Elements with Oxygen: The Oxides Formed and Their BondingPeriod 3 Elements with Oxygen: Structures and Oxidation StatesMelting Points of Period 3 OxidesPeriod 3 Oxides with Water: Sodium and Magnesium OxidesPeriod 3 Oxides with Water: The Acidic Oxides and the pH TrendPeriod 3 Oxides with Acids and Bases: The ReactionsPeriod 3 Oxides with Acids and Bases: Acidic, Basic and Amphoteric
Transition Metals
Topic overviewGeneral Properties of Transition MetalsComplex Ions: Ligands, Coordinate Bonds and DenticityComplex Ions: Why a Species Can Act as a Ligand, and Coordination NumberSubstitution Reactions with Monodentate LigandsSubstitution Reactions with Bidentate and Multidentate LigandsHaemoglobin and the Chelate EffectShapes of Complex Ions and StereoisomerismFormation of Coloured Ions and the d-d TransitionColorimetry and Concentration DeterminationVariable Oxidation States and Vanadium ChemistryTollens' Reagent and Redox TitrationsHeterogeneous CatalysisVanadium(V) Oxide and the Contact ProcessHomogeneous Catalysis and AutocatalysisMetal-Aqua Ions and AcidityMetal Aqua Ions with Bases: Reactions with Hydroxide and AmmoniaMetal Aqua Ions with Bases: Why They React, and Their EquationsAmphoteric HydroxidesIdentifying Transition Metal Ions by Test-Tube Reactions
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Topic overviewAlkanes, Fractional Distillation and CrackingCombustion of Alkanes and PollutantsFree Radical Chlorination of AlkanesAlkenes: Structure, Bonding and Electrophilic AdditionMarkovnikov's Rule and Carbocation StabilityAddition Polymers and Repeating UnitsProperties and Uses of Polyalkenes
Halogenoalkanes, Alcohols and Organic Analysis
Topic overviewNucleophilic Substitution of HalogenoalkanesEffect of Bond Enthalpy on Reaction RateElimination Reactions and Competing MechanismsCFCs and Ozone DepletionIndustrial Production of AlcoholsBiofuels and Carbon NeutralityClassification and Oxidation of AlcoholsDistinguishing Aldehydes and KetonesElimination of Water from AlcoholsTest-Tube Reactions for Functional GroupsMass Spectrometry and Molecular FormulaInfrared Spectroscopy, Functional Groups and Global Warming
Carbonyls, Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Topic overviewOxidation of Aldehydes and Distinguishing TestsReduction of Carbonyls with NaBH4Nucleophilic Addition with KCN and Hydroxynitrile FormationHazards of KCN and Formation of EnantiomersStructure and Acidity of Carboxylic AcidsEsterification and the Uses of EstersVegetable Oils, Fats and the Hydrolysis of EstersSoap and Biodiesel Production from FatsStructure of Acid Anhydrides, Acyl Chlorides and AmidesNucleophilic Addition-Elimination Reactions of Acyl ChloridesAcid Anhydrides and the Industrial Synthesis of AspirinPurifying organic solids and liquids
Aromatic Chemistry and Amines
Topic overviewBonding and Stability of BenzeneElectrophilic Substitution: NitrationElectrophilic Substitution: Friedel-Crafts AcylationPreparation of Aliphatic and Aromatic AminesBase Strength of AminesAmines as Nucleophiles, and Quaternary Ammonium SaltsAmines with Acyl Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides
Polymers, Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA
Topic overviewCondensation Polymers: PolyestersCondensation Polymers: PolyamidesIntermolecular Forces in Condensation PolymersBiodegradability and Disposal of PolymersAmino Acids and ZwitterionsPeptide Bonds and Protein StructureHydrogen Bonding and Disulfide Bridges in ProteinsHydrolysis of Proteins and TLC IdentificationEnzymes, Active Sites and Inhibitors in Drug DesignDNA: Nucleotides, the Double Helix and Base PairingCisplatin and Anticancer Drug Action
Organic Synthesis, NMR and Chromatography
Topic overviewMulti-Step Synthesis RoutesGreen Chemistry Principles in Synthesis DesignPrinciples of NMR and the Delta ScaleCarbon-13 NMR InterpretationProton NMR Chemical Shift and IntegrationSpin-Spin Splitting and the n+1 RuleTMS and Deuterated SolventsThin-Layer Chromatography and Rf ValuesColumn and Gas Chromatography, and GC-MS
Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides
- 8 subtopics
- 23 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
What Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides covers
Period 3 elements and their oxides is examined on Papers 1 and 3. It takes sodium through to sulfur, first reacting the elements with water and oxygen, then explaining the melting points of the oxides from their bonding and their behaviour with water, acids and bases.
Where it is assessed
Papers 1 and 3
Inorganic and physical chemistry, then the synoptic paper.
Check the AQA specification ↗The 8 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Reactions of Na and Mg with WaterThe observations, products and equations, and why magnesium needs steam to react quickly.Open →
- Period 3 Elements with Oxygen: The Oxides Formed and Their BondingWhich Period 3 elements burn in oxygen, the formulae of the oxides, and whether the bonding is ionic or covalent.Open →
- Period 3 Elements with Oxygen: Structures and Oxidation StatesGiant ionic, giant covalent and simple molecular structures across the period, and the oxidation state of each element.Open →
- Melting Points of Period 3 OxidesExplaining the melting points from ionic, macromolecular and simple molecular structures.Open →
- Period 3 Oxides with Water: Sodium and Magnesium OxidesThe alkaline solutions the metal oxides give, with equations and the pH of each.Open →
- Period 3 Oxides with Water: The Acidic Oxides and the pH TrendWhy aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide are insoluble, the strong acids the non-metal oxides give, and the pH trend across the period.Open →
- Period 3 Oxides with Acids and Bases: The ReactionsNeutralisation reactions of the Period 3 oxides with acids and with bases, and the salts they produce.Open →
- Period 3 Oxides with Acids and Bases: Acidic, Basic and AmphotericWhy an oxide is acidic, basic or amphoteric, and the two ways aluminium oxide can react.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Evaluation
Why do acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides of Period 3 behave differently towards acids and bases?
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What is observed when sodium reacts with water?
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Which Period 3 elements react with oxygen?
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What type of bonding is present in aluminium oxide?
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What type of structure does sodium oxide have?
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What type of structure does magnesium oxide have?
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What type of bonding is present in silicon dioxide?
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What type of bonding is present in phosphorus(V) oxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur trioxide?
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Which Period 3 oxides react with water?
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What is the product when sodium oxide reacts with water?
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Does aluminium oxide react with water?
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Does silicon dioxide react with water?
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What is the product when sodium oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
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What is the product when magnesium oxide reacts with dilute sulfuric acid?
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Why do the acidic oxides of Period 3 react with bases but not with acids?
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What products are formed when sodium reacts with water?
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What type of structure does aluminium oxide have?
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Which Period 3 oxides have giant structures?
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Write the equation for the reaction of sodium oxide with water.
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What is the product when phosphorus(V) oxide reacts with water?
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Why does silicon dioxide not react with dilute acids?
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Why do the basic oxides of Period 3 react with acids but not with bases?
Take Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Basic oxide vs Acidic oxide
Basic oxide: an oxide reacting with acids to form salt and water. Acidic oxide: an oxide reacting with bases to form salt and water.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is observed when sodium reacts with water?
Model answer
Sodium floats on the surface, melts into a ball, moves rapidly across the surface, fizzes/effervesces, and may ignite with a yellow/orange flame.
- 2
What products are formed when sodium reacts with water?
Model answer
Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
- 3
Write the equation for the reaction of sodium with water.
Model answer
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
- 4
What is observed when magnesium reacts with cold water?
Model answer
Very slow reaction with few bubbles of gas produced; a white precipitate/coating of magnesium hydroxide forms on the surface.
- 5
What products are formed when magnesium reacts with cold water?
Model answer
Magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
- 6
Write the equation for the reaction of magnesium with cold water.
Model answer
Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides revision questions
- What does Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides cover in AQA A-Level Chemistry?
- 8 subtopics: reactions of na and mg with water, period 3 elements with oxygen: the oxides formed and their bonding, period 3 elements with oxygen: structures and oxidation states, melting points of period 3 oxides, period 3 oxides with water: sodium and magnesium oxides, period 3 oxides with water: the acidic oxides and the ph trend, period 3 oxides with acids and bases: the reactions and period 3 oxides with acids and bases: acidic, basic and amphoteric. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides organised?
- By the AQA 7405 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides, on a schedule.
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