Key term
AQA A-Level Geography 7037
Water and Carbon Cycles
Topic overviewSystems, Stores and FlowsMass Balance in Water and Carbon StoresFieldwork and the Rainforest Case StudyMeasures of Central Tendency and DispersionSpearman's Rank, Chi-Square and Data AnalysisScatter Graphs, Triangular Graphs and Logarithmic ScalesAtlas, Thematic and Flow-Line MapsOS Maps, Sketch Maps and Field SketchesRemote Sensing, GIS and Big DataQualitative Data, Questionnaires and InterviewsSampling, Accuracy and Measurement ErrorData Misuse and Research EthicsThe Global Water StoresEvaporation, Condensation and Cloud FormationPrecipitation and Cryospheric ProcessesThe Drainage Basin as an Open SystemInfiltration and Overland FlowThe Water Balance EquationFlood HydrographsHuman Impacts on the Water CycleThe Global Carbon StoresPhotosynthesis, Respiration and Carbon TransferFarming, Land Use and Carbon SinksGreenhouse Gases and Links between the CyclesFeedback Loops and Climate ChangeCarbon Sequestration and MitigationMass Balance in a Drainage BasinUnit Conversion and Flux CalculationsLine Graphs, Bar Graphs and Pie ChartsWater and Carbon Cycles in the Tropical RainforestThe Amazon rainforest case studyStores within a River CatchmentTransfers and the Controls on Catchment HydrologyThe River Eden catchment case study
Hot Desert Systems and LandscapesLandscape
Topic overviewDeserts as Systems: Inputs, Stores, Flows and FeedbackDesert Climate, Soils and VegetationThe Aridity IndexEnergy, Sediment and Geomorphic Processes in DesertsThermal Fracture and Rock BreakdownDeflation, Abrasion and Aeolian TransportDesert Water Sources and Ephemeral StreamsDeflation Hollows, Yardangs and ZeugenBarchan and Seif DunesWadis, Bahadas and PedimentsPlayas, Inselbergs and Landscape DevelopmentObservation, Measurement and Mapping in DesertsDeath Valley hot desert case studyThe Causes and Definition of DesertificationEnvironmental Impacts of DesertificationHuman Impacts and Responses to DesertificationDesertification on the Yatenga plateau, Burkina Faso
Coastal Systems and LandscapesLandscape
Topic overviewEnergy Inputs to the Coastal SystemCoastal Flows and FeedbackWaves, Tides and Sediment CellsMarine Erosion and Transport ProcessesCliffs, Notches and Wave-Cut PlatformsBeaches, Spits and BarsSand Dune Formation and SuccessionEstuaries, Mudflats and SaltmarshSea Level Change and Coastlines of SubmergenceEmergent Coastlines and Present Sea Level RiseHard Engineering at the CoastSoft Engineering and Managed RetreatThe Holderness coast case studyThe Sundarbans and the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta
Glacial Systems and LandscapesLandscape
Topic overviewGlaciers as Systems: Inputs, Stores and FlowsIce-Albedo and Negative FeedbackDynamic Equilibrium, Landforms and LandscapesThe Glacial Mass Budget and Ice MovementThe Distribution of Cold EnvironmentsClimate, Soils and Vegetation in Cold EnvironmentsCorrie FormationGlacial Troughs and Hanging ValleysRoches Moutonnées, Drumlins and ErraticsMoraines, Till and Fluvioglacial LandformsPeriglacial Landforms and ProcessesThermokarst and Landform DistributionThe Fragility of Cold EnvironmentsImpacts and Management of Cold EnvironmentsFieldwork Skills in Glaciated EnvironmentsGlacial Case Study RequirementsCwm Idwal and the Ogwen valley case studyAlaska as a contrasting glaciated landscape
HazardsHazards or ecosystems
Topic overviewNatural Hazards: Types, Perception and ResponsesThe Park ModelThe Hazard Management CycleThe Internal Structure of the EarthPlate Tectonic Theory and Plate MovementPlate Margins and SeismicityWhere Vulcanicity OccursVolcanic Hazards and Eruption MagnitudeVolcanic Prediction, Impacts and ResponsesA Recent Volcanic EventHow Earthquakes HappenSeismic Hazards, Distribution and MagnitudeEarthquake Prediction, Impacts and ResponsesFocus, Epicentre and Seismic VulnerabilityThe 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunamiTropical Storm Formation and IntensificationTropical Storm Hazards, Distribution and MagnitudeThe Impacts of Tropical StormsManaging Storm Risk in Contrasting PlacesTyphoon Haiyan and Hurricane Maria comparedWildfires and Vegetation TypeWeather Conditions and Wildfire RiskCauses of IgnitionPrimary, Secondary and Environmental Impacts of WildfiresSocial, Economic and Political Impacts of WildfiresShort- and Long-Term Responses to WildfiresWildfire Preparedness, Prevention and AdaptationThe 2018 Camp FireThe Philippines as a multi-hazard environmentLiving with Vesuvius in the Naples area
Ecosystems Under StressHazards or ecosystems
Topic overviewBiodiversity Levels and Causes of DeclineBiodiversity Loss and Ecosystem ServicesEcosystem Structure, Trophic Levels and Food WebsEcosystem Inputs, Outputs, Stores and TransfersBiomass, Net Primary Production and SuccessionNutrient Cycling, Climate and SoilEnvironmental Controls and Ecosystem FeedbackBiomes and the Tropical Rainforest EnvironmentRainforest Stratification and AdaptationsSavanna Climate, Soils and AdaptationsHuman Impacts on the Tropical RainforestHuman Impacts on the SavannaSuccession and Climatic ClimaxTemperate Deciduous WoodlandPlagioclimax and Heather MoorlandCoral Reef Conditions, Services and StressesHuman Pressures and Coral Reef ManagementThe Great Barrier Reef: Extent and BleachingCrown-of-Thorns Starfish and Reef TourismLocal Ecosystems: Heathland, Parkland, Ponds and DunesAdaptations to Dry EnvironmentsAgriculture, Urbanisation and Invasive SpeciesEcological Change and Conservation StrategiesSustainability and Stakeholder ConflictStudying Local Ecosystems and Ecological ChangeThe Sefton Coast sand dunes case studyEcological change in Borneo
Global Systems and Global Governance
Topic overviewGlobal Flows of Capital, Labour, Goods and InformationGlobal Patterns of Production and DistributionTransport and Communications in GlobalisationSecurity, Tariffs and Trade BarriersForms of Global InterdependenceUnequal Flows and Global StabilityWorld Trade Patterns and Market AccessTransnational CorporationsTrade in Food and Manufactured GoodsCase Study: A Transnational CorporationWhat Global Governance MeansScales of GovernanceThe Global CommonsThe Physical Character of AntarcticaThe Southern Ocean and Climate Threats to AntarcticaThreats to Antarctic ResourcesThe Antarctic TreatyUNEP, NGOs and the Limits of Antarctic GovernanceBenefits and Costs of GlobalisationConflict, Environmental Costs and Critiquing Globalisation
Changing Places
Topic overviewWhat Place MeansEndogenous Factors: Location, Physical and Built SettingEndogenous Factors: Demographic and EconomicExogenous Factors, Relationships and ConnectionsContinuity and Change in PlacesLocal and Contrasting Place StudiesDetroit as a contrasting place studyMigration, Investment and Cultural Change in PlacesPolicy as an External Force on PlaceThe Legacy of Past ConnectionsGlobal Networks and Changing Place CharacteristicsInequality and Access between PlacesLived Experience and Shaping Place MeaningsRepresenting Place and Contested MeaningsThe Requirements of a Place StudySources for Place Studies
Contemporary Urban EnvironmentsHuman option
Topic overviewUrbanisation and Its Related ProcessesThe Drivers of UrbanisationDeindustrialisation, Decentralisation and Regeneration PolicyMegacities and World CitiesWhat Shapes Urban FormCultural Diversity and Urban SegregationNew Urban Landscapes and the Post-Modern CityEconomic Inequality within CitiesManaging Urban Inequality and DiversityEmployment Programmes and Top-Down StrategiesThe Urban Heat Island and Urban PrecipitationUrban Winds and Air QualityImpermeable Surfaces and Urban CatchmentsUrban HydrographsSustainable Urban Drainage SystemsRiver Restoration and the Benefits of SUDSWho Delivers River RestorationCheonggyecheon river restoration in SeoulSources and Composition of Urban WasteRecycling, Recovery and Waste DisposalLandfill and Incineration ComparedUrban Air and Water PollutantsDereliction and Pollution in Contrasting CitiesManaging Urban Pollution and DerelictionThe Local Environmental Impact of CitiesDimensions of Urban SustainabilityCompact Form, Mixed Use and LiveabilityContrasting Urban Case Studies
Population and the EnvironmentHuman option
Topic overviewThe Physical Environment and PopulationGlobal Food Production and Agricultural SystemsTropical Wet and Semi-Arid ClimatesZonal Soils: Chernozems and LatosolsSoil Erosion and Its ManagementWaterlogging, Salinisation and Soil StructureThe Dimensions of Food SecurityStudying Climatic Types and Zonal SoilsGlasgow: place and health case studyHealth, Morbidity and the Epidemiological TransitionPhysical Environment and DiseaseMalaria: Distribution, Impacts and ManagementCoronary Heart Disease and Non-Communicable DiseasesGlobal Health Initiatives and Disease StudiesThe Demographic Transition ModelFertility, Population Structure and the Demographic DividendMigrant Types and Causes of MigrationPush and Pull Factors in MigrationThe Components of Population ChangeOptimum Population and Resource DemandEcological Footprint and Population–Resource TheoriesOzone Depletion and Human HealthClimate Change, Heatwaves and Vector-Borne DiseaseClimate Change, Food Supply and NutritionGlobal Population ProjectionsJapan's population decline
Resource SecurityHuman option
Topic overviewStock and Flow Resources and ReservesResource Certainty and Development StagesResource Frontiers, Peaks and Sustainable DevelopmentEnvironmental Impact AssessmentGlobal Production and Consumption of Energy and MineralsThe Geopolitics of Energy, Minerals and WaterWater Sources and DemandWater Supply StrategiesThe Colorado River water supply schemeThe Costs of Supply and Managing DemandWater Conflict and Major Supply SchemesEnergy Types, Mix and Physical Controls on SupplyTNCs, National Interests and Energy ImpactsIncreasing Energy Supply: Unconventional, Nuclear and RenewableReducing Energy DemandEnvironmental Impacts and Sustainability of EnergyThe Alberta oil sands developmentChoosing a Mineral Ore Case StudyDemand for and Occurrence of Mineral OresThe Environmental Cost of Mineral ExtractionThe Bingham Canyon copper mineSustainability in Mineral SupplyAlternative Energy FuturesAlternative Water FuturesMineral Ore FuturesDrivers of Resource TransitionsResource Security and Human Welfare
Changing Places
- 16 subtopics
- 52 things to know
- Component 2
What Changing Places covers
What gives a place its character, how relationships and connections at every scale change it, and how places are perceived and represented. Everyone sits this as Section B of Component 2, and it requires two contrasting place studies.
The 16 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- What Place MeansRecall questions on the meaning of place and how it gives identity, belonging, security and personal and collective memories, and on insider and outsider perspectives, near and far places, and experienced and media places.Open →
- Endogenous Factors: Location, Physical and Built SettingRecall questions on endogenous factors, from location and topography through climate, drainage, soils, vegetation and geology to land use, buildings, transport networks and other human-made structures that shape place character.Open →
- Endogenous Factors: Demographic and EconomicRecall questions on population size, density, age structure, ethnicity and social composition as demographic endogenous factors, and on employment structure, income, types of economic activity and deprivation as economic ones.Open →
- Exogenous Factors, Relationships and ConnectionsRecall questions on exogenous factors and flows of people, money, investment, ideas and resources, on relationships, connections, meaning and representation, and on how connections operate at local, regional, national, international and global scales.Open →
- Continuity and Change in PlacesRecall questions on what continuity and change describe and on how internal relationships and external connections drive each.Open →
- Local and Contrasting Place StudiesRecall questions on local and contrasting distant place studies, developing character and qualitative data sources, lived experience past and present, demographic, cultural, economic and social characteristics, geospatial data and GIS, and media impacts on place meanings and perceptions.Open →
- Detroit as a contrasting place studyDetroit as a contrasting distant place: its growth on the car industry, depopulation, the 1967 uprising, the 2013 bankruptcy, downtown regeneration, lived experience, and quantitative and qualitative sources.Open →
- Migration, Investment and Cultural Change in PlacesRecall questions on how immigration, emigration and internal migration change a place's demography, on resource extraction, funding allocation and investment inflows, outflows and capital movement, and on cultural change through diffusion, media, educational exchange and technological transfer.Open →
- Policy as an External Force on PlaceRecall questions on national planning, regional development initiatives, local authority decisions and housing policy.Open →
- The Legacy of Past ConnectionsRecall questions on how historical trade, former industry, inherited infrastructure and old social networks still shape places.Open →
- Global Networks and Changing Place CharacteristicsRecall questions on how supply chains, migration networks, digital connectivity and foreign investment embed places at several scales, and on how multi-scale connections shape birth and death rates, age structure, ethnicity, household size, density, language, religion, food, art, traditions, sectoral shifts and employment.Open →
- Inequality and Access between PlacesRecall questions on how relationships at several scales produce differences in income, business composition and access to services.Open →
- Lived Experience and Shaping Place MeaningsRecall questions on lived experience, place perception and attachment, how everyday place meanings are constructed and why they differ between groups, place representation, and how government agencies, corporate bodies and community groups shape place meanings, including through regeneration narratives.Open →
- Representing Place and Contested MeaningsRecall questions on how advertising, tourist material, film, photography, art, literature and music represent places compared with cartographic and census representations, and on how past and present development shapes place meanings, when they become contested, identity and power relations.Open →
- The Requirements of a Place StudyRecall questions on what local and contrasting place studies require, their links to human experience and continuity, the quantitative, qualitative and geospatial data they need across past and present, and critical analysis of media impacts and methodological approaches.Open →
- Sources for Place StudiesRecall questions on what a study must cover beyond lived experience and on census data, maps and geo-located data as sources.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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How does place shape personal memories?
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What are 'near places' in geographical terms?
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What are endogenous factors in the context of place?
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How does drainage function as an endogenous physical geography factor?
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What does land use refer to as an endogenous factor?
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How does population density function as a demographic endogenous factor?
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How do types of economic activity function as an endogenous factor?
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How do flows of ideas function as an exogenous factor?
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What are 'relationships' in the context of place geography?
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What does 'representation' of a place refer to?
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Give an example of how connections operate at the national scale.
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Define 'continuity' in the context of places.
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How can representations of places influence investment decisions and migration patterns?
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Why should geographers understand how the lives of others are affected by continuity and change in places?
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What type of qualitative data might be used in a local place study?
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What does 'lived experience' mean in place studies?
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What are social inequalities in the context of place studies?
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What role do funding allocation changes play in shaping socio-economic characteristics?
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How do educational exchanges contribute to changing cultural characteristics of places?
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What happens to a place when investment outflows occur?
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In what ways do regional development initiatives shape places?
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How does TNC site selection for operations shape place characteristics?
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How do trade agreements operate as external forces shaping place characteristics?
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How do historical trade links shape the present character of places?
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How does legacy infrastructure from past connections shape places today?
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Explain how inherited social networks from past connections shape present place character.
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In what ways do international migration networks connect places beyond their localities?
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Why is understanding multi-scalar embeddedness important for analysing place change?
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How do relationships and connections at multiple scales produce language diversity in places?
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How do income level variations in places result from relationships and connections?
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How do income disparities in places result from relationships and connections at multiple scales?
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How do housing quality variations result from relationships and connections at multiple scales?
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Define place perception.
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Through what methods do government agencies attempt to shape place meanings?
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How does advertising copy represent places?
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How do story and literature represent places?
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Give examples of past development processes that have shaped present place meanings.
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What does critical analysis of media impacts on place meanings involve?
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What must a local place study explore in terms of its geographical relationship to the student?
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How should place studies connect geographical concepts to human experience?
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What two types of data sources must be used in place studies?
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Beyond lived experience, what additional focus must place studies include?
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How can audio-visual media contribute to understanding a place's character?
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How might changing demographic characteristics affect people's lived experience of a place?
Process
Explain how place gives people identity, belonging and security.
Process
Explain how age structure, ethnicity and social composition shape a place.
Process
Define change in a place, and explain what promotes continuity and what drives change.
Process
What exogenous factors changed Detroit's character?
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What was the significance of the 1967 Detroit uprising?
Process
How does lived experience in Detroit vary between residents?
Process
Explain how digital connectivity, foreign investment and migration embed places globally.
Take Changing Places further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Place identity vs Place representation
Place identity: meanings and attachments associated with a location. Place representation: portrayal of a location through media or narratives.
Endogenous factor vs Exogenous factor
Endogenous factor: characteristic originating within a place. Exogenous factor: external influence shaping a place.
Insider perspective vs Outsider perspective
Insider perspective: view formed through belonging to a place. Outsider perspective: view formed without direct belonging to a place.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the geographical definition of 'place'?
Model answer
A location that has been given meaning through human experience, perception, and attachment.
- 2
How does place contribute to a person's sense of identity?
Model answer
Place shapes who people feel they are by providing cultural, social, and environmental contexts that influence personal identity formation.
- 3
In what way does place provide a sense of belonging?
Model answer
Place creates feelings of connection and membership to a community or location, making people feel part of something larger than themselves.
- 4
How does place contribute to a sense of security?
Model answer
Familiar places provide psychological comfort, safety, and stability through known environments and established social networks.
- 5
How does place shape personal memories?
Model answer
Individual experiences, events, and emotions become associated with specific locations, creating autobiographical connections to place.
- 6
How does place shape collective memories?
Model answer
Shared experiences and historical events become attached to locations, creating communal narratives and group identities tied to specific places.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Changing Places revision questions
- What does Changing Places cover in AQA A-Level Geography?
- 16 subtopics: what place means, endogenous factors: location, physical and built setting, endogenous factors: demographic and economic, exogenous factors, relationships and connections, continuity and change in places, local and contrasting place studies, detroit as a contrasting place study, migration, investment and cultural change in places, policy as an external force on place, the legacy of past connections, global networks and changing place characteristics, inequality and access between places, lived experience and shaping place meanings, representing place and contested meanings, the requirements of a place study and sources for place studies. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Changing Places organised?
- By the AQA 7037 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Changing Places, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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