What is soil moisture storage in a river catchment?

Water held in pore spaces within the soil, available for plant uptake or gradual release to streams via throughflow; it varies with soil type, vegetation, and antecedent conditions.

Define groundwater storage in the context of a drainage basin.

Water stored in permeable rock (aquifers) below the water table, recharged by percolation and released slowly to rivers as baseflow, sustaining flow during dry periods.

Explain the process of infiltration in a river catchment.

Infiltration is the downward movement of water from the surface into the soil, controlled by soil porosity, permeability, antecedent moisture, and vegetation cover.

What is percolation and how does it differ from infiltration?

Percolation is the deeper, gravity-driven movement of water through soil and rock to reach the water table, whereas infiltration is the initial entry of water into the soil surface.

AQA A-Level Geography 7037

Water and Carbon Cycles

Topic overview Systems, Stores and Flows Mass Balance in Water and Carbon Stores Fieldwork and the Rainforest Case Study Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion Spearman's Rank, Chi-Square and Data Analysis Scatter Graphs, Triangular Graphs and Logarithmic Scales Atlas, Thematic and Flow-Line Maps OS Maps, Sketch Maps and Field Sketches Remote Sensing, GIS and Big Data Qualitative Data, Questionnaires and Interviews Sampling, Accuracy and Measurement Error Data Misuse and Research Ethics The Global Water Stores Evaporation, Condensation and Cloud Formation Precipitation and Cryospheric Processes The Drainage Basin as an Open System Infiltration and Overland Flow The Water Balance Equation Flood Hydrographs Human Impacts on the Water Cycle The Global Carbon Stores Photosynthesis, Respiration and Carbon Transfer Farming, Land Use and Carbon Sinks Greenhouse Gases and Links between the Cycles Feedback Loops and Climate Change Carbon Sequestration and Mitigation Mass Balance in a Drainage Basin Unit Conversion and Flux Calculations Line Graphs, Bar Graphs and Pie Charts Water and Carbon Cycles in the Tropical Rainforest The Amazon rainforest case study Stores within a River Catchment Transfers and the Controls on Catchment Hydrology The River Eden catchment case study

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Water and Carbon Cycles

Stores within a River Catchment

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

Recall questions on soil moisture, groundwater and channel storage, and on the part vegetation plays as a store.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What does channel storage refer to in a river catchment?

Key term

How does vegetation act as a water store in a drainage basin?

Key term

How does groundwater flow contribute to river discharge?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is soil moisture storage in a river catchment?
Model answer
Water held in pore spaces within the soil, available for plant uptake or gradual release to streams via throughflow; it varies with soil type, vegetation, and antecedent conditions.
2
Define groundwater storage in the context of a drainage basin.
Model answer
Water stored in permeable rock (aquifers) below the water table, recharged by percolation and released slowly to rivers as baseflow, sustaining flow during dry periods.
3
What does channel storage refer to in a river catchment?
Model answer
The volume of water held within the river channel and floodplain at any given time, which varies with discharge and channel capacity.
4
How does vegetation act as a water store in a drainage basin?
Model answer
Plants intercept and temporarily hold precipitation on leaves and stems; water is also stored within plant tissues before being released through transpiration.
5
Explain the process of infiltration in a river catchment.
Model answer
Infiltration is the downward movement of water from the surface into the soil, controlled by soil porosity, permeability, antecedent moisture, and vegetation cover.
6
What is percolation and how does it differ from infiltration?
Model answer
Percolation is the deeper, gravity-driven movement of water through soil and rock to reach the water table, whereas infiltration is the initial entry of water into the soil surface.

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AThe horns have less sand volume, so they move more quickly.

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CSand accumulates at the crest.

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