Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Biology 1SC0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Genetics
Topic overviewMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedback
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
How adrenalin from the adrenal glands prepares the body for fight or flight by raising heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to the muscles, blood glucose and breathing rate, thyroxine and metabolic rate, and negative feedback control of thyroxine through TRH and TSH.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Which glands release adrenalin, and in what kind of situation is it released?
Key term
Explain how an increased heart rate helps the body during the fight or flight response.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which glands release adrenalin, and in what kind of situation is it released?
Model answer
The adrenal glands release adrenalin when a person is frightened, stressed or facing danger.
- 2
What is meant by the fight or flight response?
Model answer
It is the body being prepared either to face a threat or to run away from it.
- 3
Explain how an increased heart rate helps the body during the fight or flight response.
Model answer
Blood is pumped round the body faster, so oxygen and glucose reach the muscles more quickly.
- 4
What effect does adrenalin have on blood pressure?
Model answer
It raises blood pressure.
- 5
Explain the advantage of adrenalin increasing blood flow to the muscles.
Model answer
More blood delivers more oxygen and glucose, so the muscles can respire faster and contract more strongly.
- 6
Which organ does adrenalin act on to raise blood sugar, and what conversion does it cause there?
Model answer
The liver, where stored glycogen is converted into glucose that passes into the blood.
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