Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Biology 1SC0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Genetics
Topic overviewMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Antibiotics and developing new medicines
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Why antibiotics treat bacterial but not viral infections, the discovery, development, preclinical and clinical testing of new medicines, low doses and placebos, peer review and publishing trial results for scientists and the public, and calculating clear zone areas with πr² to compare new antibiotics.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
Name one process in a bacterium that an antibiotic can inhibit.
Key term
Explain why antibiotics cannot be used to treat a cold.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which type of pathogen can antibiotics treat?
Model answer
Antibiotics only treat infections caused by bacteria.
- 2
Explain why an antibiotic kills bacteria without harming the patient's cells.
Model answer
It inhibits cell processes that occur in bacteria but not in human cells.
- 3
Name one process in a bacterium that an antibiotic can inhibit.
Model answer
The building of the bacterial cell wall.
- 4
Explain why antibiotics cannot be used to treat a cold.
Model answer
A cold is caused by a virus, which does not carry out the cell processes that antibiotics inhibit.
- 5
Explain why viral infections are hard to treat with drugs without harming the patient.
Model answer
Viruses reproduce inside the patient's own cells, so a drug that destroys them usually damages the host cell as well.
- 6
Explain why a doctor should not prescribe an antibiotic for a mild viral illness.
Model answer
It will have no effect on the virus, and unnecessary use makes resistant bacteria more likely to develop.
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