Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Biology 1SC0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Genetics
Topic overviewMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Controlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetes
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
How the pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose by storing it as glycogen, why levels rise after meals and fall in exercise, glucagon raising blood glucose and working antagonistically with insulin by negative feedback, and the cause, onset, symptoms and insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain why blood glucose concentration falls during hard exercise.
Key term
Which hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls too low?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which organ monitors the concentration of glucose in the blood?
Model answer
The pancreas.
- 2
Which hormone is released when blood glucose concentration rises too high, and by which organ?
Model answer
Insulin, released by the pancreas.
- 3
Explain how insulin lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood.
Model answer
It makes liver and muscle cells take glucose out of the blood and store it as glycogen.
- 4
What normally causes blood glucose concentration to rise?
Model answer
Digesting and absorbing a meal that contains carbohydrate.
- 5
Which organ is the body's main store of glycogen?
Model answer
The liver.
- 6
Explain why blood glucose concentration falls during hard exercise.
Model answer
Muscle cells take up and respire glucose quickly to release the energy needed for contraction.
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