Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Biology 1SC0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Genetics
Topic overviewMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
The menstrual cycle and its hormones
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The stages of the 28-day menstrual cycle from menstruation to ovulation, oestrogen thickening and progesterone maintaining the uterus lining, the roles of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland and progesterone from the corpus luteum, and how these hormones interact to control ovulation and start the next cycle.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What happens during roughly the first five days of the menstrual cycle?
Key term
What is ovulation, and when does it usually happen in a 28-day cycle?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
About how many days does one menstrual cycle usually last?
Model answer
About 28 days, although the length varies from person to person.
- 2
What happens during roughly the first five days of the menstrual cycle?
Model answer
The lining of the uterus breaks down and is lost through the vagina as menstruation.
- 3
Describe what happens to the lining of the uterus between about day five and day fourteen of the menstrual cycle.
Model answer
It is repaired and grows thicker, building up a layer rich in blood vessels.
- 4
What is ovulation, and when does it usually happen in a 28-day cycle?
Model answer
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from an ovary, and it happens around day 14.
- 5
Describe what happens to the uterus lining after ovulation if the egg is not fertilised.
Model answer
It is maintained for around two weeks and then breaks down, and a new cycle begins.
- 6
Which hormone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken, and where is it made?
Model answer
Oestrogen, which is made in the ovaries.
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