Key term
Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Biology 1SC0
Key Concepts in Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotic and prokaryotic cellsSpecialised cells and their adaptationsMicroscopes and magnification calculationsSize, scale and units in cell biologyEnzyme action and denaturationFactors affecting enzyme activityEnzymes in synthesis and digestion, and rate calculationsDiffusion, osmosis and active transportOsmosis in potatoes and percentage change in mass
Cells and Control
Genetics
Topic overviewMeiosis and the formation of gametesDNA structure, genes and the genomeExtracting DNA from fruitAlleles, genotype and phenotypeMonohybrid crosses and sex determinationProbability and ratios from genetic crossesCauses of variation: genes and environmentThe Human Genome ProjectGenetic variation and the effects of mutation
Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines
Topic overviewHealth, disease and susceptibilityPathogens and common infectionsHow pathogens spread, and the virus life cycleSexually transmitted infectionsPhysical barriers and chemical defencesThe immune system, immunisation and herd immunityAntibiotics and developing new medicinesLifestyle factors and non-communicable diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease
Plant Structures and Their Functions
Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis
Exchange and Transport in Animals
Topic overviewWhy multicellular organisms need exchange surfacesAlveoli and gas exchangeThe blood and its componentsArteries, veins and capillariesThe heart and the circulatory systemCellular respiration as an exothermic reactionAerobic and anaerobic respiration comparedInvestigating the rate of respirationCardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Ecosystems and Material Cycles
Genetics
The Human Genome Project
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
The aim and outcomes of the Human Genome Project, testing for inherited disorders and predicting disease risk, personalised medicine and new drug treatments, tracing human migration, and concerns about insurers, employers and knowing the risk of an untreatable disease.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain how knowing the position of a gene helps doctors test for an inherited disorder.
Key term
Describe how the Human Genome Project can help predict a person's risk of disease.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What was the aim of the Human Genome Project?
Model answer
Its aim was to work out the order of all the bases in the DNA of a human being.
- 2
State one outcome of the Human Genome Project.
Model answer
The positions of the genes in human DNA are now known and the information is freely available to researchers.
- 3
Explain how knowing the position of a gene helps doctors test for an inherited disorder.
Model answer
The faulty version of the gene can be looked for directly in a sample of a patient's DNA.
- 4
Describe how the Human Genome Project can help predict a person's risk of disease.
Model answer
Alleles linked to particular diseases can be identified, so people carrying them can be monitored or advised early.
- 5
What is meant by using a person's genome to give them personalised medicine?
Model answer
The drug and dose chosen are matched to the alleles that person carries, so treatment works better.
- 6
Explain how the Human Genome Project could lead to new treatments for disease.
Model answer
Knowing which genes and proteins are involved in a disease lets scientists design drugs that target them.
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