Key term
AQA AS-Level History 7042
1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Topic overviewThe Church, the Seljuk Turks and Byzantium before the CrusadesManzikert and the Call of the First CrusadeThe First Crusade: Motives and CampaignThe Kings of Jerusalem and the Early Crusader StatesThe Knights Templar and the HospitallersThe Crusader States, Byzantium and the Latin WestZengi and the Fall of EdessaThe Second Crusade
1B Spain in the Age of Discovery, 1469–1598
Topic overviewThe Kingdoms of Iberia in 1469Ferdinand, Isabella and the NobilityForeign Policy, Society and the Church under Ferdinand and IsabellaThe Inquisition, the Jews and the Fall of GranadaThe Alpujarras Revolt, the Economy and Overseas ExpansionThe Casa de Contratacion, Navarre and Spain by 1516The Inheritance of Charles VImperial Ideology and Conciliar GovernmentCharles V's Wars, Absences and Religious PolicyThe Conquest of the Americas and the Price RevolutionCharles V's Abdication and Spain by 1556
1C The Tudors: England, 1485–1603
Topic overviewHenry VII's Claim to the ThroneHenry VII's Councils and GovernmentHenry VII's Finances, the Nobility and Foreign PolicyPretenders and Rebellions under Henry VIISociety and the Economy under Henry VIIReligion, Humanism and the Arts under Henry VIIHenry VIII: Character and AimsWolsey, Cromwell and the Break with RomeThe Dissolution, Foreign Policy and Henry VIII's WivesThe Ranks of Tudor SocietyThe Pilgrimage of Grace, Wales and the Henrician EconomyHumanism and Religious Change under Henry VIII
1D Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy, 1603–1702
Topic overviewThe Political Nation, Divine Right and James ICourt, Crown Finance and Religious Division, 1603-1629Disputes between Crown and ParliamentArminianism, Puritanism and the Revenues of the Personal RuleThe Personal Rule, the Long Parliament and the Road to WarThe First Civil WarThe Second Civil War and the LevellersThe Army, Parliament and the Regicide
1E Russia in the Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment, 1682–1796
Topic overviewRussian Society and Government in 1682The Succession Crisis of 1682 and the StreltsyPeter's Western Interests, the Great Embassy and St PetersburgPeter I's Early Economic, Political and Military ReformsOpposition to Peter's Reforms and the Streltsy RevoltThe Azov Campaigns and the Battle of NarvaThe Poll Tax and State MonopoliesThe Holy Synod, the Senate and Church ReformThe Colleges, Provincial Government and the Table of RanksWesternisation, Opposition and Peter's Legacy by 1725The Great Northern War and Peter's Foreign PolicyThe Service State under Peter the Great
1F Industrialisation and the People: Britain, c1783–1885
Topic overviewThe British Political System in 1783Pitt the Younger and His MinistriesPitt's Financial and Trade ReformsEarly Industrialisation: Textiles, Iron and SteamEnclosure and Agricultural ChangeSocial Classes, Working Conditions and the Old Poor LawThe French Revolution and British RadicalismThe Irish Rebellion of 1798 and the Act of UnionThe Wars with France and the Home FrontLuddism and Britain by 1812Lord Liverpool, the Corn Laws and PeterlooCanning, Wellington and Catholic EmancipationTextiles, Iron, Coal and the Common LandsUrbanisation and Working-Class DiscontentRadicals, Abolitionists and the Rise of MethodismThe Great Reform Act of 1832
1G Challenge and Transformation: Britain, c1851–1964
Topic overviewParliament and the Franchise before 1867The Second Reform Act, Gladstone and DisraeliThe Workshop of the World, Free Trade and Agricultural DepressionClass and Region in Victorian BritainThe Domestic Reforms of Gladstone and DisraeliIreland, the Great Famine and the Land QuestionGladstone's Home Rule Bill and Its OpponentsConservative Dominance before 1905Socialism and the Birth of the Labour PartyNew Liberalism, the People's Budget and the Parliament ActThe Great Depression, Industrial Decline and Tariff ReformNew Unionism, the Great Unrest and Women's SuffrageLiving Standards, Poverty and the Liberal Welfare ReformsThe Home Rule Movement and the Irish Party
1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964
Topic overviewAutocracy and Serfdom in 1855The Emancipation of the Serfs and Alexander II's ReformsReform, Reaction and the Death of Alexander IIPobedonostsev and RussificationLiberals, Populists and the Tsarist PoliceEconomy and Society after EmancipationNicholas II, Bloody Sunday and the Fundamental LawsThe Dumas, Stolypin and Witte's IndustrialisationWorkers, Peasants and the Grain TradeLiberals, Socialist Revolutionaries and MarxistsThe First World War and the February RevolutionLenin's Return and the October RevolutionLenin's Ideology, War Communism and KronstadtStalin's Rise and the Power Struggle
1J The British Empire, c1857–1967
Topic overviewThe Suez Canal and the Occupation of EgyptThe Indian Mutiny and the Government of India ActThe Scramble for Africa and the Chartered CompaniesMissionaries, the Civilising Mission and Party Attitudes to EmpireThe Boers, the Zulu War and Southern AfricaExpansion in Africa and the Government of IndiaLord Cromer and the Veiled Protectorate in EgyptIndirect Rule and the Entente CordialeChamberlain, Tariff Reform and Cecil RhodesThe Justifications for Empire and National EfficiencyExhibitions, Youth Movements and Popular ImperialismThe Boer War and the Union of South Africa
1K The Making of a Superpower: USA, 1865–1975
Topic overviewJohnson, Grant and Radical ReconstructionThe Redeemers and the Gilded Age PresidentsThe Post-Reconstruction South and Jim CrowThe Railroad Boom and Big Business in the Gilded AgeThe Closing of the Frontier and Gilded Age Foreign PolicyThe Populist Movement and the People's PartyProgressivism and Roosevelt's Square DealWilson's New Freedom and America's Economic RiseImmigration, Urban Growth and SegregationAmerican Imperialism and the War of 1898Neutrality and Entry into the First World WarAmerican Society and Industrial Power by 1920
1L The Quest for Political Stability: Germany, 1871–1991
Topic overviewThe States of the German Empire in 1871The Constitution of 1871: Bundesrat and ReichstagBismarck's Domestic PoliciesWilhelm II and WeltpolitikGerman Industrial Power before 1914The Burgertum and the Prestige of the EliteWorkers, Pressure Groups and Germany by 1914War, Revolution and the Weimar Constitution, 1914-1919Reparations, Putsches and the Crisis of 1923Stresemann, the Dawes Plan and Locarno
2A Royal Authority and the Angevin Kings, 1154–1216
2B The Wars of the Roses, 1450–1499
2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564
Topic overviewPapal Supremacy and the Church HierarchySalvation and the Seven SacramentsCorruption, Humanism and Demands for Reform before 1517The Holy Roman Empire and Its ElectorsThe Imperial Diet, the Young Luther and the 95 ThesesThe Disputations, Luther's Theology and the 1520 TreatisesLuther in Print, Excommunication and the Diet of WormsKarlstadt, the Zwickau Prophets and Luther's ReturnZwingli, the Eucharist and the Knights' RevoltThe German Peasants' WarThe Swiss Reformation, the Kappel Wars and MarburgThe Diets of Speyer, the Augsburg Confession and Melanchthon
2D Religious Conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570
Topic overviewThe English Church and Its Wealth in 1529Humanism and the Call for Church ReformHenry VIII's Great MatterThe Reformation Parliament and the Break with RomeReformist and Conservative Factions at CourtFaction, Diplomacy and the DissolutionThe Reasons for and Effects of the DissolutionThe Pilgrimage of GraceThe Ten Articles, the Six Articles and the King's BookReligion and War in Henry VIII's Last Years
2E The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Topic overviewJames I's Legacy and Charles I's KingshipCharles I, Buckingham and the Petition of RightThe Personal Rule and Its MinistersLaud's Reforms and Protestant FearsThe Scottish Prayer Book and Thorough in IrelandPuritan Emigration, the National Covenant and the First Bishops' WarThe Bishops' Wars and the Recall of ParliamentCharles I and the Parliamentary Opposition in 1640John Pym and the Long ParliamentDeadlock, the Fall of Strafford and the Irish RebellionThe Attempt on the Five MembersThe Militia Ordinance and the Drift to WarThe Nineteen Propositions and the Outbreak of War
2F The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Topic overviewRichelieu and the Regency of Anne of AustriaMazarin, the Parlement and the FrondesWestphalia and the Treaty of the PyreneesThe Start of Personal Rule and France in 1661Louis XIV's Conception of KingshipThe Royal Council, the Intendants and VersaillesColbert, Mercantilism and the Royal AcademiesThe Huguenots and the Edict of FontainebleauGloire, Foreign Policy Aims and Louvois's ArmyThe Decline of Spain and Louis XIV's Wars to 1684
2G The Birth of the USA, 1760–1801
Topic overviewMercantilism, Salutary Neglect and the Colonies in 1760The Thirteen Colonies and the Impact of the Seven Years WarFrom the Proclamation of 1763 to the Boston Tea PartyThe Intolerable Acts of 1774The First Continental CongressCommon Sense and the Organisation of ResistanceGeneral Gage and the Road to LexingtonThe Declaration of Independence
2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815
Topic overviewLouis XVI and French AbsolutismThe Three Estates and Seigneurial RightsTaxation and the Weaknesses of the Ancien RegimeThe Philosophes and the EnlightenmentThe Financial Crisis of the Ancien RegimeCalonne and the Assembly of NotablesThe Crisis of 1788 and the Estates-GeneralThe Cahiers and the Opening of the Estates-GeneralThe National Assembly and the Fall of the BastilleThe Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the Constitution of 1791The Political Clubs, Varennes and the Fall of the MonarchyThe Founding of the RepublicThe Execution of Louis XVI, the Vendee and the Federalist RevoltThe Levee en Masse and the Coming of the TerrorThe Fall of the Factions and the Great TerrorThermidor and the Dismantling of the TerrorVendemiaire and the Directory
2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877
Topic overviewFederalism and States' RightsThe Northern Economy by 1845Cotton, Plantations and the Southern EconomyThe Missouri Compromise and the Nullification CrisisManifest Destiny and the Compromise of 1850The Fugitive Slave Law, Abolitionism and Pro-Slavery ArgumentsThe Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding KansasThe Formation of the Republican PartyDred Scott, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates and Harper's FerryThe Election of 1860, Secession and Fort Sumter
2K International Relations and Global Conflict, c1890–1941
Topic overviewHow Britain and France Made Foreign PolicyThe Economic and Military Strength of the Great PowersThe Scramble for Africa and Great Power RivalryBalkan Nationalism and Austria-HungaryThe Naval Race, the Arms Race and War PlansThe Moroccan CrisesThe Entente Cordiale and the Triple EntenteThe Decline of the Ottoman EmpireThe Bosnian Crisis of 1908The Balkan WarsSarajevo and the Austrian UltimatumMobilisation and the Schlieffen PlanThe July CrisisItaly, the USA and the Widening War
2L Italy and Fascism, c1900–1945
Topic overviewA Young Kingdom: North, South and the RisorgimentoThe Italian Monarchy and the Narrow FranchiseGiolitti and the Gentiloni PactIndustrial Growth, Socialism and Labour UnrestNationalism, Futurism and the Triple AllianceIntervention in 1915 and Italy's War AimsThe Isonzo Front and CaporettoThe Home Front and the Peace SettlementFiume and the Mutilated VictoryPost-War Crisis and Political InstabilityThe Biennio Rosso and the Fascist ResponseThe March on Rome and Mussolini's AppointmentWhy the Elites Accepted MussoliniFascist Ideology, the Ras and the Cult of the DuceThe Grand Council, the Acerbo Law and the Matteotti CrisisBuilding the Dictatorship, 1925-1926Corfu, Fiume and the Consolidation of Power
2M Wars and Welfare: Britain in Transition, 1906–1957
Topic overviewThe Liberal Landslide of 1906 and New LiberalismThe Lib-Lab Pact, Tariff Reform and the Edwardian EconomyEdwardian Class, Poverty and the People's BudgetThe Liberal Welfare ReformsThe Parliament Act, Women's Suffrage and Home RuleThe Labour Unrest of 1910 to 1914The Wartime Coalitions and the Liberal SplitThe War Economy, DORA and Post-War IndustryWomen's War Work, the Vote and ConscriptionThe War Poets, the Easter Rising and Irish IndependenceLiberal Decline, the First Labour Government and BaldwinThe Return to Gold, the Coal Crisis and the General StrikeThe Divided Regions, Women and Culture in the 1920sThe Flapper Vote and the 1929 Election
2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953
Topic overviewTsarism and the Strain of War by 1917The February RevolutionThe Provisional Government and the April ThesesThe October RevolutionThe First Decrees, the Constituent Assembly and the Leaders of 1917The Cheka and the Rise of One-Party RuleBrest-Litovsk and the Causes of the Civil WarTrotsky and the Building of the Red ArmyWhy the Reds Won the Civil WarBolshevik Social Reform, War Communism and the Red TerrorTambov and KronstadtThe New Economic PolicyForeign Intervention, the Comintern and Soviet DiplomacyLenin's Death, His Testament and the Contenders for PowerPermanent Revolution and Socialism in One CountryThe Defeat of the Oppositions and the Great TurnThe Stalin Cult and Soviet Foreign Policy in the 1920s
2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945
Topic overviewThe Collapse of 1918 and the Kiel MutinyThe Weimar Constitution and the Terms of VersaillesThe Military Terms of Versailles and German ReactionsThe Ruhr Occupation and the Hyperinflation of 1923The Spartacist Uprising and the FreikorpsThe Ruhr Crisis, the Courts and the Munich PutschThe Munich Putsch and Weimar's CoalitionsStresemann and the Dawes PlanWeimar Culture: Bauhaus, Art and TheatreHindenburg's Election and the Golden YearsStresemann's Foreign Policy and LocarnoThe Wall Street Crash and the German BanksBruning's Deflation and the Nazi Electoral BreakthroughNazi Propaganda, the SA and Nazi AppealThe Divided Left, Hindenburg and PapenThe Prussian Coup and Hitler's Refusal of OfficeThe Reichstag Fire, the Enabling Act and the End of DemocracyGleichschaltung and the One-Party StateThe Night of the Long Knives
2P The Transformation of China, 1936–1997
Topic overviewJapanese Encroachment and the GuomindangThe Encirclement Campaigns, the Long March and Mao's IdeologyYan'an, the Xi'an Incident and the Second United FrontThe Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945The Race for Territory and the Marshall MissionThe Nationalist Position in 1946The Civil War and the Nationalist CollapseChina in 1949 and the Founding of the RepublicThe Mass Campaigns and the Grip on PowerThe Soviet Alliance and the Korean WarThe Hundred Flowers and the First Five Year PlanThe Great Leap Forward and the People's CommunesRectification, the Marriage Law and Social Change
2Q The American Dream: Reality and Illusion, 1945–1980
Topic overviewAmerican Power and Politics in 1945Truman and the Fair DealContainment, NATO and the Korean WarTaft-Hartley, the 1948 Election and McCarthyismCivil Rights in the Truman YearsEisenhower and Modern RepublicanismThe Fall of McCarthy and the Fifties EconomySuburbia, the Highways and the New LookHungary, Rollback and the Berlin CrisisEisenhower, South Vietnam and SEATOBrown, Montgomery and Little RockThe Election of 1960The New Frontier and the Berlin WallCivil Rights under Kennedy and America by 1963
2R The Cold War, c1945–1991
Topic overviewYalta, Potsdam and the Wartime AllianceThe Sovietisation of Eastern EuropeThe Marshall Plan and American Aid to EuropeThe Division of Germany, the Berlin Blockade and NATOJapan, China and NSC-68Korea in 1950 and the UN ResponseMcCarthyism and the Isolation of ChinaNATO, the Warsaw Pact and the First Indochina WarKhrushchev and the Crises of 1956 in Poland and HungaryThe Hungarian Uprising, Peaceful Coexistence and the Paris SummitThe U-2 Affair, the Missile Race and the Space RaceThe Berlin Crisis and the Berlin WallThe Division of Vietnam and the NLFCuba, the Bay of Pigs and the Missile Crisis
2S The Making of Modern Britain, 1951–2007
Topic overviewThe Conservative Prime Ministers, 1951 to 1964The Long Boom and Stop-GoWomen, Youth, Immigration and the Notting Hill RiotsForeign Policy, Suez and Decolonisation, 1951-1964Harold Wilson and the National PlanDevaluation and Labour's Economic Policy, 1965-1969In Place of Strife, Education and Northern IrelandThe Abolition of Hanging and Divorce ReformThe Media, the Permissive Society and Race in the 1960sVietnam, the EEC Veto and the Atlantic AllianceHeath, the 1970 Election and Selsdon ParkThe Industrial Relations Act and the 1972 StrikeThe Oil Crisis and the Second Miners' StrikeNorthern Ireland from Bloody Sunday to SunningdaleThe Social Contract, the IMF Crisis and the Winter of DiscontentFeminism, Equality Legislation and Immigration in the 1970sPunk and the New Politics of the 1970sBritain's Entry into the EEC and the 1975 ReferendumThe Special Relationship and Detente in the 1970s
2T The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Topic overviewStalin's Death and the System He LeftKhrushchev's Rise and the Anti-Party GroupThe Secret Speech and De-StalinisationThe Sovnarkhozy, Housing and the ThawThe Virgin Lands Scheme and Agricultural FailureThe Thaw, China and Khrushchev's Foreign PolicyThe Fall of KhrushchevBrezhnev and His Leading ColleaguesThe Kosygin Reforms and Economic StagnationDetente, Afghanistan and the Second Cold WarDissidents and Nationalist Unrest under BrezhnevAndropov, Chernenko and the Rise of GorbachevGorbachev's Aims and PerestroikaGlasnost, Afghanistan and the End of the Cold WarChernobyl, Economic Restructuring and DemocratisationThe Opposition to GorbachevThe August Coup and the End of the USSRYeltsin and Shock TherapyPutin's Rise and the Second Chechen War
2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564
- 12 subtopics
- 63 things to know
- Component 2
What 2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 covers
Option 2C is a depth study of the European Reformation, taken as one of the Component 2 choices. It runs from the condition of the late medieval Church through Luther's challenge and its spread to Calvinism and the Catholic response.
Where it is assessed
Component 2
A depth study, of which a student sits one.
Check the AQA specification ↗The 12 subtopics
Each one has its own page. AQA AS History students sit this topic in the first year.
- Papal Supremacy and the Church HierarchyRecall questions on the doctrine of papal authority and on the ranks of the clergy from cardinals and archbishops downwards.Open →
- Salvation and the Seven SacramentsRecall questions on what the Church taught was needed for salvation and on the sacraments from baptism to the Mass.Open →
- Corruption, Humanism and Demands for Reform before 1517Recall questions on Alexander VI, simony, pluralism and other clerical abuses, Colet, More and Erasmus, Lollardy and anti-clericalism, tithes, annates and indulgences, popular piety and the demands for reform before 1517.Open →
- The Holy Roman Empire and Its ElectorsRecall questions on the structure of the Empire, the election of the Emperor and the ecclesiastical princes among the seven Electors.Open →
- The Imperial Diet, the Young Luther and the 95 ThesesRecall questions on the Reichstag, Luther's upbringing, entry into the Augustinians, Staupitz and the tower experience, and on the 95 Theses, Tetzel and indulgences and why the Theses spread so fast.Open →
- The Disputations, Luther's Theology and the 1520 TreatisesRecall questions on the Heidelberg and Leipzig Disputations and Johann Eck, sola fide, sola scriptura and sola gratia, the priesthood of all believers, the sacraments and Luther's three treatises of 1520.Open →
- Luther in Print, Excommunication and the Diet of WormsRecall questions on Luther's use of print, Exsurge Domine and his excommunication, Cajetan at Augsburg, Charles V, the Diet and Edict of Worms, Frederick the Wise and the princes, and the Wartburg translation.Open →
- Karlstadt, the Zwickau Prophets and Luther's ReturnRecall questions on the changes made at Wittenberg while Luther was at the Wartburg and on what brought him back in 1522.Open →
- Zwingli, the Eucharist and the Knights' RevoltRecall questions on Zwingli's reformation at Zurich, his reading of the Lord's Supper against Luther's, and the Imperial Knights' revolt of 1522–1523 under Sickingen and Hutten and why it failed.Open →
- The German Peasants' WarRecall questions on the grievances over land and serfdom, the evangelical language the rebels used, the Twelve Articles, Luther's response and his pamphlet against the peasants, the death toll and what defeat meant.Open →
- The Swiss Reformation, the Kappel Wars and MarburgRecall questions on which Swiss cantons backed or opposed reform, the First and Second Kappel Wars and the Second Peace of Kappel, the failed Marburg Colloquy and a Church permanently divided by 1531.Open →
- The Diets of Speyer, the Augsburg Confession and MelanchthonRecall questions on the Diets of Speyer and the name Protestant, the Augsburg Confession and Confutatio, Melanchthon's leadership, Lutheran doctrine, its spread in the 1530s and why Charles V could not crush it.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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Over what types of matters did Church courts exercise jurisdiction?
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What governmental roles did senior clergy commonly hold across Europe?
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Why was the priest's role considered essential in Catholic religious practice?
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What activities were considered 'good works' that could reduce time in purgatory?
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What was purgatory according to Catholic doctrine?
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Which pope exemplified papal corruption through simony, nepotism, fathering illegitimate children, and using the papacy for family advancement?
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Who wrote Utopia (1516) and what did it implicitly criticise?
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What was one major source of Church wealth derived from property?
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What kind of political structure was the Holy Roman Empire?
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Which ecclesiastical prince from Trier was among the seven Electors of the Holy Roman Empire?
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What powers did princes in the Holy Roman Empire hold within their own territories?
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What was the Imperial Diet (Reichstag)?
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What philosophical tradition influenced Luther's theological education at Erfurt?
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When were the 95 Theses written and where were they traditionally said to have been posted?
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What was the Leipzig Disputation of 1519 and what positions did it push Luther to adopt?
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What does the doctrine of sola fide mean?
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What does sola gratia teach?
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What evidence demonstrates Luther's dominance of the German print market by 1520?
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What happened when Cardinal Cajetan met Luther at Augsburg in 1518?
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What protection was Luther given to attend the Diet of Worms?
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Who was the radical reformer at Wittenberg who implemented rapid changes during Luther's absence at the Wartburg in 1521-1522?
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What prompted Luther to return from the Wartburg to Wittenberg in 1522?
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How did Luther respond to Erasmus's defence of free will?
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How did Zwingli's approach to Protestant doctrine differ from Luther's?
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What was Luther's view of Christ's presence in the Eucharist?
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Who led the Revolt of the Imperial Knights in 1522-1523?
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How did the enclosure of common lands and forests contribute to the German Peasants' War?
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Who drafted the Augsburg Confession and when was it presented?
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What caused the Second Kappel War (1531)?
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How did Melanchthon's approach to Catholic doctrine differ from Luther's?
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Which territories did Lutheranism expand into during the 1530s?
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What happened at Münster in 1534-1535?
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Who were the leaders of the Münster Anabaptist regime?
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What policy regarding property did the Münster regime introduce?
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Who were the two principal leaders of the Schmalkaldic League?
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What was the Diet of Regensburg in 1541?
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On which issues did the Regensburg negotiators fail to reach agreement?
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When did Calvin experience his conversion to Protestantism, and how did he describe it?
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What was the central emphasis of Calvin's theology regarding God's role in the world?
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What other major written works did Calvin produce besides the Institutes?
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According to the Ecclesiastical Ordinances of 1541, what was the role of pastors in the Genevan church?
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What was the Consistory in Geneva?
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Who was Michael Servetus, and what beliefs made him a heretic?
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What role did Geneva play in training Protestant clergy?
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How many Huguenots were there in France by 1562, and how were they organised?
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What happened in the Scottish Reformation of 1560?
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Mühlberg in April 1547?
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How did Protestants respond to the Augsburg Interim?
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Which religious groups were recognised as legal under the Peace of Augsburg?
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Did the Peace of Augsburg grant religious freedom to individuals?
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When did Charles V abdicate as Holy Roman Emperor, and why?
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Where did Charles V retire after his abdication, and when did he die?
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In what year did Paul III establish the Roman Inquisition, and what was its function?
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What was the purpose of the new religious orders that emerged during the Catholic Reformation?
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How did Jesuit beliefs emphasise loyalty to the papacy?
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What kind of training did Jesuits undergo before becoming full members of the order?
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What doctrine concerning the Eucharist did the Council of Trent reaffirm?
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How did some monarchs use Catholic reform to their advantage by 1564?
Process
What were simony and nepotism, and which pope embodied them?
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What caused the German Peasants' War of 1524-1525?
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How were the Jesuits trained and organised?
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How dominant was Luther in print, what did Exsurge Domine demand, and how did he answer it?
Take 2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Justification by faith vs Indulgence
Justification by faith: teaching that salvation comes through belief rather than merit. Indulgence: remission of temporal punishment granted through ecclesiastical authority.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What doctrine asserted the Pope's supreme authority over the Catholic Church and his temporal power over secular rulers?
Model answer
Papal supremacy
- 2
Who occupied the apex of the clerical hierarchy in the Catholic Church?
Model answer
The Pope
- 3
What was the role of cardinals within the Church hierarchy?
Model answer
They served as papal advisors and were responsible for electing new popes
- 4
What level of Church administration did archbishops oversee?
Model answer
Provinces (groups of dioceses)
- 5
What territorial unit did bishops govern within the Church structure?
Model answer
Dioceses
- 6
What was the primary administrative responsibility of priests in the Church hierarchy?
Model answer
Administering parishes
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 revision questions
- Is 2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 examined at AS in AQA History?
- Yes. It sits in Component 2, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does 2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 cover in AQA AS-Level History?
- 12 subtopics: papal supremacy and the church hierarchy, salvation and the seven sacraments, corruption, humanism and demands for reform before 1517, the holy roman empire and its electors, the imperial diet, the young luther and the 95 theses, the disputations, luther's theology and the 1520 treatises, luther in print, excommunication and the diet of worms, karlstadt, the zwickau prophets and luther's return, zwingli, the eucharist and the knights' revolt, the german peasants' war, the swiss reformation, the kappel wars and marburg and the diets of speyer, the augsburg confession and melanchthon. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is 2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 organised?
- By the AQA 7042 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in 2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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