Key term
AQA AS-Level History 7042
1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Topic overviewThe Church, the Seljuk Turks and Byzantium before the CrusadesManzikert and the Call of the First CrusadeThe First Crusade: Motives and CampaignThe Kings of Jerusalem and the Early Crusader StatesThe Knights Templar and the HospitallersThe Crusader States, Byzantium and the Latin WestZengi and the Fall of EdessaThe Second Crusade
1B Spain in the Age of Discovery, 1469–1598
Topic overviewThe Kingdoms of Iberia in 1469Ferdinand, Isabella and the NobilityForeign Policy, Society and the Church under Ferdinand and IsabellaThe Inquisition, the Jews and the Fall of GranadaThe Alpujarras Revolt, the Economy and Overseas ExpansionThe Casa de Contratacion, Navarre and Spain by 1516The Inheritance of Charles VImperial Ideology and Conciliar GovernmentCharles V's Wars, Absences and Religious PolicyThe Conquest of the Americas and the Price RevolutionCharles V's Abdication and Spain by 1556
1C The Tudors: England, 1485–1603
Topic overviewHenry VII's Claim to the ThroneHenry VII's Councils and GovernmentHenry VII's Finances, the Nobility and Foreign PolicyPretenders and Rebellions under Henry VIISociety and the Economy under Henry VIIReligion, Humanism and the Arts under Henry VIIHenry VIII: Character and AimsWolsey, Cromwell and the Break with RomeThe Dissolution, Foreign Policy and Henry VIII's WivesThe Ranks of Tudor SocietyThe Pilgrimage of Grace, Wales and the Henrician EconomyHumanism and Religious Change under Henry VIII
1D Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy, 1603–1702
Topic overviewThe Political Nation, Divine Right and James ICourt, Crown Finance and Religious Division, 1603-1629Disputes between Crown and ParliamentArminianism, Puritanism and the Revenues of the Personal RuleThe Personal Rule, the Long Parliament and the Road to WarThe First Civil WarThe Second Civil War and the LevellersThe Army, Parliament and the Regicide
1E Russia in the Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment, 1682–1796
Topic overviewRussian Society and Government in 1682The Succession Crisis of 1682 and the StreltsyPeter's Western Interests, the Great Embassy and St PetersburgPeter I's Early Economic, Political and Military ReformsOpposition to Peter's Reforms and the Streltsy RevoltThe Azov Campaigns and the Battle of NarvaThe Poll Tax and State MonopoliesThe Holy Synod, the Senate and Church ReformThe Colleges, Provincial Government and the Table of RanksWesternisation, Opposition and Peter's Legacy by 1725The Great Northern War and Peter's Foreign PolicyThe Service State under Peter the Great
1F Industrialisation and the People: Britain, c1783–1885
Topic overviewThe British Political System in 1783Pitt the Younger and His MinistriesPitt's Financial and Trade ReformsEarly Industrialisation: Textiles, Iron and SteamEnclosure and Agricultural ChangeSocial Classes, Working Conditions and the Old Poor LawThe French Revolution and British RadicalismThe Irish Rebellion of 1798 and the Act of UnionThe Wars with France and the Home FrontLuddism and Britain by 1812Lord Liverpool, the Corn Laws and PeterlooCanning, Wellington and Catholic EmancipationTextiles, Iron, Coal and the Common LandsUrbanisation and Working-Class DiscontentRadicals, Abolitionists and the Rise of MethodismThe Great Reform Act of 1832
1G Challenge and Transformation: Britain, c1851–1964
Topic overviewParliament and the Franchise before 1867The Second Reform Act, Gladstone and DisraeliThe Workshop of the World, Free Trade and Agricultural DepressionClass and Region in Victorian BritainThe Domestic Reforms of Gladstone and DisraeliIreland, the Great Famine and the Land QuestionGladstone's Home Rule Bill and Its OpponentsConservative Dominance before 1905Socialism and the Birth of the Labour PartyNew Liberalism, the People's Budget and the Parliament ActThe Great Depression, Industrial Decline and Tariff ReformNew Unionism, the Great Unrest and Women's SuffrageLiving Standards, Poverty and the Liberal Welfare ReformsThe Home Rule Movement and the Irish Party
1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964
Topic overviewAutocracy and Serfdom in 1855The Emancipation of the Serfs and Alexander II's ReformsReform, Reaction and the Death of Alexander IIPobedonostsev and RussificationLiberals, Populists and the Tsarist PoliceEconomy and Society after EmancipationNicholas II, Bloody Sunday and the Fundamental LawsThe Dumas, Stolypin and Witte's IndustrialisationWorkers, Peasants and the Grain TradeLiberals, Socialist Revolutionaries and MarxistsThe First World War and the February RevolutionLenin's Return and the October RevolutionLenin's Ideology, War Communism and KronstadtStalin's Rise and the Power Struggle
1J The British Empire, c1857–1967
Topic overviewThe Suez Canal and the Occupation of EgyptThe Indian Mutiny and the Government of India ActThe Scramble for Africa and the Chartered CompaniesMissionaries, the Civilising Mission and Party Attitudes to EmpireThe Boers, the Zulu War and Southern AfricaExpansion in Africa and the Government of IndiaLord Cromer and the Veiled Protectorate in EgyptIndirect Rule and the Entente CordialeChamberlain, Tariff Reform and Cecil RhodesThe Justifications for Empire and National EfficiencyExhibitions, Youth Movements and Popular ImperialismThe Boer War and the Union of South Africa
1K The Making of a Superpower: USA, 1865–1975
Topic overviewJohnson, Grant and Radical ReconstructionThe Redeemers and the Gilded Age PresidentsThe Post-Reconstruction South and Jim CrowThe Railroad Boom and Big Business in the Gilded AgeThe Closing of the Frontier and Gilded Age Foreign PolicyThe Populist Movement and the People's PartyProgressivism and Roosevelt's Square DealWilson's New Freedom and America's Economic RiseImmigration, Urban Growth and SegregationAmerican Imperialism and the War of 1898Neutrality and Entry into the First World WarAmerican Society and Industrial Power by 1920
1L The Quest for Political Stability: Germany, 1871–1991
Topic overviewThe States of the German Empire in 1871The Constitution of 1871: Bundesrat and ReichstagBismarck's Domestic PoliciesWilhelm II and WeltpolitikGerman Industrial Power before 1914The Burgertum and the Prestige of the EliteWorkers, Pressure Groups and Germany by 1914War, Revolution and the Weimar Constitution, 1914-1919Reparations, Putsches and the Crisis of 1923Stresemann, the Dawes Plan and Locarno
2A Royal Authority and the Angevin Kings, 1154–1216
2B The Wars of the Roses, 1450–1499
2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564
Topic overviewPapal Supremacy and the Church HierarchySalvation and the Seven SacramentsCorruption, Humanism and Demands for Reform before 1517The Holy Roman Empire and Its ElectorsThe Imperial Diet, the Young Luther and the 95 ThesesThe Disputations, Luther's Theology and the 1520 TreatisesLuther in Print, Excommunication and the Diet of WormsKarlstadt, the Zwickau Prophets and Luther's ReturnZwingli, the Eucharist and the Knights' RevoltThe German Peasants' WarThe Swiss Reformation, the Kappel Wars and MarburgThe Diets of Speyer, the Augsburg Confession and Melanchthon
2D Religious Conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570
Topic overviewThe English Church and Its Wealth in 1529Humanism and the Call for Church ReformHenry VIII's Great MatterThe Reformation Parliament and the Break with RomeReformist and Conservative Factions at CourtFaction, Diplomacy and the DissolutionThe Reasons for and Effects of the DissolutionThe Pilgrimage of GraceThe Ten Articles, the Six Articles and the King's BookReligion and War in Henry VIII's Last Years
2E The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Topic overviewJames I's Legacy and Charles I's KingshipCharles I, Buckingham and the Petition of RightThe Personal Rule and Its MinistersLaud's Reforms and Protestant FearsThe Scottish Prayer Book and Thorough in IrelandPuritan Emigration, the National Covenant and the First Bishops' WarThe Bishops' Wars and the Recall of ParliamentCharles I and the Parliamentary Opposition in 1640John Pym and the Long ParliamentDeadlock, the Fall of Strafford and the Irish RebellionThe Attempt on the Five MembersThe Militia Ordinance and the Drift to WarThe Nineteen Propositions and the Outbreak of War
2F The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Topic overviewRichelieu and the Regency of Anne of AustriaMazarin, the Parlement and the FrondesWestphalia and the Treaty of the PyreneesThe Start of Personal Rule and France in 1661Louis XIV's Conception of KingshipThe Royal Council, the Intendants and VersaillesColbert, Mercantilism and the Royal AcademiesThe Huguenots and the Edict of FontainebleauGloire, Foreign Policy Aims and Louvois's ArmyThe Decline of Spain and Louis XIV's Wars to 1684
2G The Birth of the USA, 1760–1801
Topic overviewMercantilism, Salutary Neglect and the Colonies in 1760The Thirteen Colonies and the Impact of the Seven Years WarFrom the Proclamation of 1763 to the Boston Tea PartyThe Intolerable Acts of 1774The First Continental CongressCommon Sense and the Organisation of ResistanceGeneral Gage and the Road to LexingtonThe Declaration of Independence
2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815
Topic overviewLouis XVI and French AbsolutismThe Three Estates and Seigneurial RightsTaxation and the Weaknesses of the Ancien RegimeThe Philosophes and the EnlightenmentThe Financial Crisis of the Ancien RegimeCalonne and the Assembly of NotablesThe Crisis of 1788 and the Estates-GeneralThe Cahiers and the Opening of the Estates-GeneralThe National Assembly and the Fall of the BastilleThe Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the Constitution of 1791The Political Clubs, Varennes and the Fall of the MonarchyThe Founding of the RepublicThe Execution of Louis XVI, the Vendee and the Federalist RevoltThe Levee en Masse and the Coming of the TerrorThe Fall of the Factions and the Great TerrorThermidor and the Dismantling of the TerrorVendemiaire and the Directory
2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877
Topic overviewFederalism and States' RightsThe Northern Economy by 1845Cotton, Plantations and the Southern EconomyThe Missouri Compromise and the Nullification CrisisManifest Destiny and the Compromise of 1850The Fugitive Slave Law, Abolitionism and Pro-Slavery ArgumentsThe Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding KansasThe Formation of the Republican PartyDred Scott, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates and Harper's FerryThe Election of 1860, Secession and Fort Sumter
2K International Relations and Global Conflict, c1890–1941
Topic overviewHow Britain and France Made Foreign PolicyThe Economic and Military Strength of the Great PowersThe Scramble for Africa and Great Power RivalryBalkan Nationalism and Austria-HungaryThe Naval Race, the Arms Race and War PlansThe Moroccan CrisesThe Entente Cordiale and the Triple EntenteThe Decline of the Ottoman EmpireThe Bosnian Crisis of 1908The Balkan WarsSarajevo and the Austrian UltimatumMobilisation and the Schlieffen PlanThe July CrisisItaly, the USA and the Widening War
2L Italy and Fascism, c1900–1945
Topic overviewA Young Kingdom: North, South and the RisorgimentoThe Italian Monarchy and the Narrow FranchiseGiolitti and the Gentiloni PactIndustrial Growth, Socialism and Labour UnrestNationalism, Futurism and the Triple AllianceIntervention in 1915 and Italy's War AimsThe Isonzo Front and CaporettoThe Home Front and the Peace SettlementFiume and the Mutilated VictoryPost-War Crisis and Political InstabilityThe Biennio Rosso and the Fascist ResponseThe March on Rome and Mussolini's AppointmentWhy the Elites Accepted MussoliniFascist Ideology, the Ras and the Cult of the DuceThe Grand Council, the Acerbo Law and the Matteotti CrisisBuilding the Dictatorship, 1925-1926Corfu, Fiume and the Consolidation of Power
2M Wars and Welfare: Britain in Transition, 1906–1957
Topic overviewThe Liberal Landslide of 1906 and New LiberalismThe Lib-Lab Pact, Tariff Reform and the Edwardian EconomyEdwardian Class, Poverty and the People's BudgetThe Liberal Welfare ReformsThe Parliament Act, Women's Suffrage and Home RuleThe Labour Unrest of 1910 to 1914The Wartime Coalitions and the Liberal SplitThe War Economy, DORA and Post-War IndustryWomen's War Work, the Vote and ConscriptionThe War Poets, the Easter Rising and Irish IndependenceLiberal Decline, the First Labour Government and BaldwinThe Return to Gold, the Coal Crisis and the General StrikeThe Divided Regions, Women and Culture in the 1920sThe Flapper Vote and the 1929 Election
2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953
Topic overviewTsarism and the Strain of War by 1917The February RevolutionThe Provisional Government and the April ThesesThe October RevolutionThe First Decrees, the Constituent Assembly and the Leaders of 1917The Cheka and the Rise of One-Party RuleBrest-Litovsk and the Causes of the Civil WarTrotsky and the Building of the Red ArmyWhy the Reds Won the Civil WarBolshevik Social Reform, War Communism and the Red TerrorTambov and KronstadtThe New Economic PolicyForeign Intervention, the Comintern and Soviet DiplomacyLenin's Death, His Testament and the Contenders for PowerPermanent Revolution and Socialism in One CountryThe Defeat of the Oppositions and the Great TurnThe Stalin Cult and Soviet Foreign Policy in the 1920s
2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945
Topic overviewThe Collapse of 1918 and the Kiel MutinyThe Weimar Constitution and the Terms of VersaillesThe Military Terms of Versailles and German ReactionsThe Ruhr Occupation and the Hyperinflation of 1923The Spartacist Uprising and the FreikorpsThe Ruhr Crisis, the Courts and the Munich PutschThe Munich Putsch and Weimar's CoalitionsStresemann and the Dawes PlanWeimar Culture: Bauhaus, Art and TheatreHindenburg's Election and the Golden YearsStresemann's Foreign Policy and LocarnoThe Wall Street Crash and the German BanksBruning's Deflation and the Nazi Electoral BreakthroughNazi Propaganda, the SA and Nazi AppealThe Divided Left, Hindenburg and PapenThe Prussian Coup and Hitler's Refusal of OfficeThe Reichstag Fire, the Enabling Act and the End of DemocracyGleichschaltung and the One-Party StateThe Night of the Long Knives
2P The Transformation of China, 1936–1997
Topic overviewJapanese Encroachment and the GuomindangThe Encirclement Campaigns, the Long March and Mao's IdeologyYan'an, the Xi'an Incident and the Second United FrontThe Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945The Race for Territory and the Marshall MissionThe Nationalist Position in 1946The Civil War and the Nationalist CollapseChina in 1949 and the Founding of the RepublicThe Mass Campaigns and the Grip on PowerThe Soviet Alliance and the Korean WarThe Hundred Flowers and the First Five Year PlanThe Great Leap Forward and the People's CommunesRectification, the Marriage Law and Social Change
2Q The American Dream: Reality and Illusion, 1945–1980
Topic overviewAmerican Power and Politics in 1945Truman and the Fair DealContainment, NATO and the Korean WarTaft-Hartley, the 1948 Election and McCarthyismCivil Rights in the Truman YearsEisenhower and Modern RepublicanismThe Fall of McCarthy and the Fifties EconomySuburbia, the Highways and the New LookHungary, Rollback and the Berlin CrisisEisenhower, South Vietnam and SEATOBrown, Montgomery and Little RockThe Election of 1960The New Frontier and the Berlin WallCivil Rights under Kennedy and America by 1963
2R The Cold War, c1945–1991
Topic overviewYalta, Potsdam and the Wartime AllianceThe Sovietisation of Eastern EuropeThe Marshall Plan and American Aid to EuropeThe Division of Germany, the Berlin Blockade and NATOJapan, China and NSC-68Korea in 1950 and the UN ResponseMcCarthyism and the Isolation of ChinaNATO, the Warsaw Pact and the First Indochina WarKhrushchev and the Crises of 1956 in Poland and HungaryThe Hungarian Uprising, Peaceful Coexistence and the Paris SummitThe U-2 Affair, the Missile Race and the Space RaceThe Berlin Crisis and the Berlin WallThe Division of Vietnam and the NLFCuba, the Bay of Pigs and the Missile Crisis
2S The Making of Modern Britain, 1951–2007
Topic overviewThe Conservative Prime Ministers, 1951 to 1964The Long Boom and Stop-GoWomen, Youth, Immigration and the Notting Hill RiotsForeign Policy, Suez and Decolonisation, 1951-1964Harold Wilson and the National PlanDevaluation and Labour's Economic Policy, 1965-1969In Place of Strife, Education and Northern IrelandThe Abolition of Hanging and Divorce ReformThe Media, the Permissive Society and Race in the 1960sVietnam, the EEC Veto and the Atlantic AllianceHeath, the 1970 Election and Selsdon ParkThe Industrial Relations Act and the 1972 StrikeThe Oil Crisis and the Second Miners' StrikeNorthern Ireland from Bloody Sunday to SunningdaleThe Social Contract, the IMF Crisis and the Winter of DiscontentFeminism, Equality Legislation and Immigration in the 1970sPunk and the New Politics of the 1970sBritain's Entry into the EEC and the 1975 ReferendumThe Special Relationship and Detente in the 1970s
2T The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Topic overviewStalin's Death and the System He LeftKhrushchev's Rise and the Anti-Party GroupThe Secret Speech and De-StalinisationThe Sovnarkhozy, Housing and the ThawThe Virgin Lands Scheme and Agricultural FailureThe Thaw, China and Khrushchev's Foreign PolicyThe Fall of KhrushchevBrezhnev and His Leading ColleaguesThe Kosygin Reforms and Economic StagnationDetente, Afghanistan and the Second Cold WarDissidents and Nationalist Unrest under BrezhnevAndropov, Chernenko and the Rise of GorbachevGorbachev's Aims and PerestroikaGlasnost, Afghanistan and the End of the Cold WarChernobyl, Economic Restructuring and DemocratisationThe Opposition to GorbachevThe August Coup and the End of the USSRYeltsin and Shock TherapyPutin's Rise and the Second Chechen War
2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815
- 17 subtopics
- 85 things to know
- Component 2
What 2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815 covers
Option 2H is a depth study of the French Revolution, taken as one of the Component 2 choices. It covers the origins of the crisis, the constitutional monarchy and the Terror, and the rise and rule of Napoleon.
Where it is assessed
Component 2
A depth study, of which a student sits one.
Check the AQA specification ↗The 17 subtopics
Each one has its own page. AQA AS History students sit this topic in the first year.
- Louis XVI and French AbsolutismRecall questions on the King's age at his accession, the principle his monarchy rested on and how his indecision weakened it.Open →
- The Three Estates and Seigneurial RightsRecall questions on the clergy, nobility and Third Estate, the tithe and don gratuit, noble privileges and landholding, seigneurial dues and banalités, hunting rights, and the bourgeoisie's resentment of privilege.Open →
- Taxation and the Weaknesses of the Ancien RegimeRecall questions on the vingtième, capitation and aides, the regressive taille and hated gabelle, venality of office, traditional loyalties, the lack of uniform laws and measures, and why taxation could not be reformed.Open →
- The Philosophes and the EnlightenmentRecall questions on who the philosophes were and on the arguments of Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau.Open →
- The Financial Crisis of the Ancien RegimeRecall questions on the state of royal finances in 1774 and on the wars, court spending and inefficient taxation behind the deficit.Open →
- Calonne and the Assembly of NotablesRecall questions on Calonne's deficit and reform plan, the Assembly of Notables, Brienne and the Parlement of Paris, the Day of Tiles, the May Edicts, the Revolt of the Nobility and Necker's recall.Open →
- The Crisis of 1788 and the Estates-GeneralRecall questions on the harvest failure and harsh winter of 1788, bread prices and the Eden Treaty, the argument over how the Estates should meet, the Parlement's ruling, the Society of Thirty and Sieyès.Open →
- The Cahiers and the Opening of the Estates-GeneralRecall questions on what the cahiers demanded over a constitution, the Estates, taxation and justice, the deputies who assembled in May 1789, and the financial, political, economic and constitutional crises facing France.Open →
- The National Assembly and the Fall of the BastilleRecall questions on the Third Estate's claim to represent the nation, the Tennis Court Oath and the meaning of 14 July.Open →
- The Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the Constitution of 1791Recall questions on the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the oath and refractory priests, the Pope's response, active and passive citizens, the new departments and courts, the Le Chapelier Law and the sale of church lands.Open →
- The Political Clubs, Varennes and the Fall of the MonarchyRecall questions on the assignats and the political clubs, the Flight to Varennes and Champ de Mars massacre, Pillnitz and war with Austria, the Brunswick Manifesto, 10 August 1792, the September Massacres and the Convention.Open →
- The Founding of the RepublicRecall questions on the events of September 1792 and on the economic and food shortages the Republic met at once.Open →
- The Execution of Louis XVI, the Vendee and the Federalist RevoltRecall questions on the debate over the King's fate and his execution, the First Coalition, the causes and suppression of the Vendée rising, the fall of the Girondins and the Federalist revolt and Toulon.Open →
- The Levee en Masse and the Coming of the TerrorRecall questions on the Revolutionary Tribunal, the Committees of Public Safety and General Security, Robespierre's case for terror, the levée en masse, the Law of Suspects, the sans-culottes and notable victims.Open →
- The Fall of the Factions and the Great TerrorRecall questions on the destruction of the Hebertists and the Indulgents, its cost to Robespierre and the Law of 22 Prairial.Open →
- Thermidor and the Dismantling of the TerrorRecall questions on the coup of July 1794 and the Thermidorian reaction, the closing of the Jacobin Club and release of prisoners, the White Terror and its gangs, and the Germinal and Prairial risings of 1795.Open →
- Vendemiaire and the DirectoryRecall questions on the Vendémiaire rising, the two councils and five Directors, the Two-Thirds Decree, the Directory's financial problems and bankruptcy, the coups of Fructidor and Floréal and its strengths and weaknesses.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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Who comprised the Third Estate, and what proportion of the population did they represent?
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How did noble hunting rights affect peasants?
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What key political principle did Montesquieu advocate in 'The Spirit of the Laws'?
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What Enlightenment principles did the American Revolution demonstrate in practice?
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How did France's intervention in the American War of Independence spread revolutionary ideas?
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What was the state of the royal finances when Louis XVI came to the throne in 1774?
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When did Turgot serve as Controller-General of Finances and what economic philosophy guided his reforms?
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When did Calonne serve as Controller-General and what was his initial approach?
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Why did Calonne convene the Assembly of Notables rather than submit his reforms to the parlements?
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What did the May Edicts of 1788 attempt to do?
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What caused the harvest failure of 1788?
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What proportion of their wages were urban workers spending on bread by 1789?
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What was the main argument of Abbé Sieyès' pamphlet 'What is the Third Estate?'?
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What demand regarding a constitution appeared in the cahiers de doléances?
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What did the cahiers demand regarding the Estates-General?
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What did the cahiers demand regarding the justice system?
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What financial crisis faced France by May 1789?
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When was the Estates-General convened, and why was this meeting significant in terms of historical precedent?
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On what date did the Third Estate declare itself the National Assembly, and what claim did it make?
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Why did peasants attack châteaux during the Great Fear?
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What proportion of French clergy refused the oath to the Civil Constitution, and what were they called?
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How did the Constitution of 1791 distinguish between active and passive citizens?
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What judicial reforms were implemented during the constitutional monarchy period?
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What were assignats?
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Who were the Feuillants and when did they emerge?
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What was the Brunswick Manifesto and what effect did it have?
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On what date was the French Republic formally established, and what event occurred the day before?
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What problem regarding basic provisions confronted the French Republic in late 1792?
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What were the key political differences between the Girondins and the Montagnards in the Convention?
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What options were debated regarding the appropriate punishment for Louis XVI if found guilty?
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Which major powers joined the First Coalition against France following Louis XVI's execution?
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What religious dimension contributed to the Vendée rising?
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What was the Law of Suspects and when was it passed?
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When was the Terror formally declared government policy and what prompted this?
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Who were the sans-culottes and what did they demand?
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Who were the Hébertists and what happened to them?
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Where was the Terror most intense geographically?
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When were Robespierre and his key allies executed, and who were they?
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What event marked the beginning of the Thermidorian reaction, and on what date did it occur?
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Which group of deputies was recalled to the Convention after Thermidor?
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Who were the targets of violence during the White Terror?
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What type of insurrection was the Vendémiaire rising of October 1795?
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What was the purpose of the Two-Thirds Decree?
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What was the Two-Thirds Bankruptcy of 1797?
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How did the Directory's reliance on the army undermine its authority?
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What did concentration of force mean in Napoleon's approach to warfare?
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What were the main terms of the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797)?
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Why did Napoleon's return to France in 1799 present an opportunity for seizing power?
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How did the Directory's loss of legitimacy contribute to the success of the Coup of Brumaire?
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What form of government did the Constitution of Year VIII establish?
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What power over law-making did Napoleon possess as First Consul that concentrated authority in his hands?
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In what year did Napoleon become Consul for Life, and how was this confirmed?
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When did Napoleon establish himself as Emperor, and where was he crowned?
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What titles were included in Napoleon's new imperial nobility?
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What was the primary purpose of the lycées?
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What was the status of the remaining newspapers in Paris by 1811?
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What happened to the Pope as relations with Napoleon collapsed?
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What was the purpose of the Commercial Code for the French economy?
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What military recruitment duty fell to prefects?
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What social function did Napoleon's police system exercise?
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What was the purpose of state prisons under Napoleon?
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When was the franc germinal introduced, and what was it based on?
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What was the main direct tax under Napoleon, and who bore its burden?
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What external source of revenue helped Napoleon balance his budget?
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Which French industries benefited from the Continental System, and why?
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What trade-related factor contributed to the economic crisis of 1810-1811?
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What types of transport infrastructure did Napoleon promote?
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What were the purposes of Napoleon's infrastructure development?
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How did the corps system allow the Grande Armée to operate effectively across large distances?
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What three types of political arrangements made up the Napoleonic Empire at its greatest extent?
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What social reforms were exported to territories within the Napoleonic Empire?
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What was the significance of the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813?
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What does the term 'Hundred Days' refer to?
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What was the condition of France by 1815?
Process
What kind of monarchy did Louis XVI inherit, and when?
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What was the capitation?
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What were the aides?
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Why was the taille considered fundamentally regressive?
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How did Napoleon build a new nobility and reward service?
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What did the Girondins favour, why did the Montagnards demand execution, and how did Louis XVI's trial end?
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What happened to the Pope as relations with Napoleon collapsed, and what did the Civil Code establish?
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What happened at the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt on 14 October 1806?
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What happened at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807?
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What did Prussia lose under the Treaties of Tilsit?
Take 2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Girondin vs Jacobin
Girondin: republican associated with provincial influence and resistance to Parisian pressure. Jacobin: radical republican associated with centralisation and the Mountain.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
At what age did Louis XVI become King of France, and in what year?
Model answer
Louis XVI became King in 1774 at the age of 19.
- 2
On what principle was the French monarchy based when Louis XVI inherited the throne?
Model answer
The monarchy was based on the principle of absolute rule by divine right.
- 3
What did absolutism mean in terms of the King's authority over legislation, taxation, justice, and foreign policy?
Model answer
Absolutism meant the King held supreme authority over all these areas without constitutional constraints or requirement for consent.
- 4
How did Louis XVI's indecisiveness affect his ability to govern effectively?
Model answer
His indecisiveness made him unable to commit firmly to policies or ministers, leading to inconsistent governance and abandoned reforms.
- 5
What was meant by Louis XVI's lack of political conviction as a personal weakness?
Model answer
He lacked strong political beliefs or vision, making him unable to provide clear direction for government policy.
- 6
To whose influence was Louis XVI particularly susceptible?
Model answer
He was susceptible to influence from courtiers and his wife Marie Antoinette.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815 revision questions
- Is 2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815 examined at AS in AQA History?
- Yes. It sits in Component 2, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does 2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815 cover in AQA AS-Level History?
- 17 subtopics: louis xvi and french absolutism, the three estates and seigneurial rights, taxation and the weaknesses of the ancien regime, the philosophes and the enlightenment, the financial crisis of the ancien regime, calonne and the assembly of notables, the crisis of 1788 and the estates-general, the cahiers and the opening of the estates-general, the national assembly and the fall of the bastille, the civil constitution of the clergy and the constitution of 1791, the political clubs, varennes and the fall of the monarchy, the founding of the republic, the execution of louis xvi, the vendee and the federalist revolt, the levee en masse and the coming of the terror, the fall of the factions and the great terror, thermidor and the dismantling of the terror and vendemiaire and the directory. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is 2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815 organised?
- By the AQA 7042 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in 2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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