Under the Fundamental Laws of 1906, what specific powers did the Tsar retain that limited the Duma's effectiveness?

The Tsar retained authority to dissolve the Duma, veto legislation, and control the military and foreign policy, limiting genuine parliamentary power.

Approximately how many Russian military deaths and wounded had occurred by 1917, and which early battles exemplified these losses?

Approximately 1.7 million military deaths and 5 million wounded, with massive losses at battles including Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes.

By approximately how much did prices rise in Russia between 1914 and 1917, and what was the effect on urban workers?

Prices rose approximately fourfold while wages failed to keep pace, severely reducing urban workers' living standards.

What demographic change occurred in Petrograd during the war, and why did this create political instability?

Petrograd's population swelled with war workers, creating overcrowded conditions and concentrating a volatile, politically aware workforce in the capital.

AQA AS-Level History 7042

1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204

Topic overview The Church, the Seljuk Turks and Byzantium before the Crusades Manzikert and the Call of the First Crusade The First Crusade: Motives and Campaign The Kings of Jerusalem and the Early Crusader States The Knights Templar and the Hospitallers The Crusader States, Byzantium and the Latin West Zengi and the Fall of Edessa The Second Crusade

1B Spain in the Age of Discovery, 1469–1598

Topic overview The Kingdoms of Iberia in 1469 Ferdinand, Isabella and the Nobility Foreign Policy, Society and the Church under Ferdinand and Isabella The Inquisition, the Jews and the Fall of Granada The Alpujarras Revolt, the Economy and Overseas Expansion The Casa de Contratacion, Navarre and Spain by 1516 The Inheritance of Charles V Imperial Ideology and Conciliar Government Charles V's Wars, Absences and Religious Policy The Conquest of the Americas and the Price Revolution Charles V's Abdication and Spain by 1556

1C The Tudors: England, 1485–1603

Topic overview Henry VII's Claim to the Throne Henry VII's Councils and Government Henry VII's Finances, the Nobility and Foreign Policy Pretenders and Rebellions under Henry VII Society and the Economy under Henry VII Religion, Humanism and the Arts under Henry VII Henry VIII: Character and Aims Wolsey, Cromwell and the Break with Rome The Dissolution, Foreign Policy and Henry VIII's Wives The Ranks of Tudor Society The Pilgrimage of Grace, Wales and the Henrician Economy Humanism and Religious Change under Henry VIII

1D Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy, 1603–1702

Topic overview The Political Nation, Divine Right and James I Court, Crown Finance and Religious Division, 1603-1629 Disputes between Crown and Parliament Arminianism, Puritanism and the Revenues of the Personal Rule The Personal Rule, the Long Parliament and the Road to War The First Civil War The Second Civil War and the Levellers The Army, Parliament and the Regicide

1E Russia in the Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment, 1682–1796

Topic overview Russian Society and Government in 1682 The Succession Crisis of 1682 and the Streltsy Peter's Western Interests, the Great Embassy and St Petersburg Peter I's Early Economic, Political and Military Reforms Opposition to Peter's Reforms and the Streltsy Revolt The Azov Campaigns and the Battle of Narva The Poll Tax and State Monopolies The Holy Synod, the Senate and Church Reform The Colleges, Provincial Government and the Table of Ranks Westernisation, Opposition and Peter's Legacy by 1725 The Great Northern War and Peter's Foreign Policy The Service State under Peter the Great

1F Industrialisation and the People: Britain, c1783–1885

Topic overview The British Political System in 1783 Pitt the Younger and His Ministries Pitt's Financial and Trade Reforms Early Industrialisation: Textiles, Iron and Steam Enclosure and Agricultural Change Social Classes, Working Conditions and the Old Poor Law The French Revolution and British Radicalism The Irish Rebellion of 1798 and the Act of Union The Wars with France and the Home Front Luddism and Britain by 1812 Lord Liverpool, the Corn Laws and Peterloo Canning, Wellington and Catholic Emancipation Textiles, Iron, Coal and the Common Lands Urbanisation and Working-Class Discontent Radicals, Abolitionists and the Rise of Methodism The Great Reform Act of 1832

1G Challenge and Transformation: Britain, c1851–1964

Topic overview Parliament and the Franchise before 1867 The Second Reform Act, Gladstone and Disraeli The Workshop of the World, Free Trade and Agricultural Depression Class and Region in Victorian Britain The Domestic Reforms of Gladstone and Disraeli Ireland, the Great Famine and the Land Question Gladstone's Home Rule Bill and Its Opponents Conservative Dominance before 1905 Socialism and the Birth of the Labour Party New Liberalism, the People's Budget and the Parliament Act The Great Depression, Industrial Decline and Tariff Reform New Unionism, the Great Unrest and Women's Suffrage Living Standards, Poverty and the Liberal Welfare Reforms The Home Rule Movement and the Irish Party

1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964

Topic overview Autocracy and Serfdom in 1855 The Emancipation of the Serfs and Alexander II's Reforms Reform, Reaction and the Death of Alexander II Pobedonostsev and Russification Liberals, Populists and the Tsarist Police Economy and Society after Emancipation Nicholas II, Bloody Sunday and the Fundamental Laws The Dumas, Stolypin and Witte's Industrialisation Workers, Peasants and the Grain Trade Liberals, Socialist Revolutionaries and Marxists The First World War and the February Revolution Lenin's Return and the October Revolution Lenin's Ideology, War Communism and Kronstadt Stalin's Rise and the Power Struggle

1J The British Empire, c1857–1967

Topic overview The Suez Canal and the Occupation of Egypt The Indian Mutiny and the Government of India Act The Scramble for Africa and the Chartered Companies Missionaries, the Civilising Mission and Party Attitudes to Empire The Boers, the Zulu War and Southern Africa Expansion in Africa and the Government of India Lord Cromer and the Veiled Protectorate in Egypt Indirect Rule and the Entente Cordiale Chamberlain, Tariff Reform and Cecil Rhodes The Justifications for Empire and National Efficiency Exhibitions, Youth Movements and Popular Imperialism The Boer War and the Union of South Africa

1K The Making of a Superpower: USA, 1865–1975

Topic overview Johnson, Grant and Radical Reconstruction The Redeemers and the Gilded Age Presidents The Post-Reconstruction South and Jim Crow The Railroad Boom and Big Business in the Gilded Age The Closing of the Frontier and Gilded Age Foreign Policy The Populist Movement and the People's Party Progressivism and Roosevelt's Square Deal Wilson's New Freedom and America's Economic Rise Immigration, Urban Growth and Segregation American Imperialism and the War of 1898 Neutrality and Entry into the First World War American Society and Industrial Power by 1920

1L The Quest for Political Stability: Germany, 1871–1991

Topic overview The States of the German Empire in 1871 The Constitution of 1871: Bundesrat and Reichstag Bismarck's Domestic Policies Wilhelm II and Weltpolitik German Industrial Power before 1914 The Burgertum and the Prestige of the Elite Workers, Pressure Groups and Germany by 1914 War, Revolution and the Weimar Constitution, 1914-1919 Reparations, Putsches and the Crisis of 1923 Stresemann, the Dawes Plan and Locarno

2A Royal Authority and the Angevin Kings, 1154–1216

Topic overview The Anarchy and the Legacy Henry II Inherited Henry II's Challenges and Early Reforms The Church and the Angevin Empire Henry II, Becket and Ireland The Great Rebellion and the Management of the Barons Philip II and the Last Years of Henry II

2B The Wars of the Roses, 1450–1499

Topic overview Henry VI, Cade's Rebellion and the Loss of Normandy Richard of York and His Claim to the Throne The Protectorates, St Albans and the Uneasy Peace Edward IV and the Woodville Marriage Warwick, Margaret of Anjou and the Readeption Barnet, Tewkesbury and the Impact of the Wars

2C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564

Topic overview Papal Supremacy and the Church Hierarchy Salvation and the Seven Sacraments Corruption, Humanism and Demands for Reform before 1517 The Holy Roman Empire and Its Electors The Imperial Diet, the Young Luther and the 95 Theses The Disputations, Luther's Theology and the 1520 Treatises Luther in Print, Excommunication and the Diet of Worms Karlstadt, the Zwickau Prophets and Luther's Return Zwingli, the Eucharist and the Knights' Revolt The German Peasants' War The Swiss Reformation, the Kappel Wars and Marburg The Diets of Speyer, the Augsburg Confession and Melanchthon

2D Religious Conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570

Topic overview The English Church and Its Wealth in 1529 Humanism and the Call for Church Reform Henry VIII's Great Matter The Reformation Parliament and the Break with Rome Reformist and Conservative Factions at Court Faction, Diplomacy and the Dissolution The Reasons for and Effects of the Dissolution The Pilgrimage of Grace The Ten Articles, the Six Articles and the King's Book Religion and War in Henry VIII's Last Years

2E The English Revolution, 1625–1660

Topic overview James I's Legacy and Charles I's Kingship Charles I, Buckingham and the Petition of Right The Personal Rule and Its Ministers Laud's Reforms and Protestant Fears The Scottish Prayer Book and Thorough in Ireland Puritan Emigration, the National Covenant and the First Bishops' War The Bishops' Wars and the Recall of Parliament Charles I and the Parliamentary Opposition in 1640 John Pym and the Long Parliament Deadlock, the Fall of Strafford and the Irish Rebellion The Attempt on the Five Members The Militia Ordinance and the Drift to War The Nineteen Propositions and the Outbreak of War

2F The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715

Topic overview Richelieu and the Regency of Anne of Austria Mazarin, the Parlement and the Frondes Westphalia and the Treaty of the Pyrenees The Start of Personal Rule and France in 1661 Louis XIV's Conception of Kingship The Royal Council, the Intendants and Versailles Colbert, Mercantilism and the Royal Academies The Huguenots and the Edict of Fontainebleau Gloire, Foreign Policy Aims and Louvois's Army The Decline of Spain and Louis XIV's Wars to 1684

2G The Birth of the USA, 1760–1801

Topic overview Mercantilism, Salutary Neglect and the Colonies in 1760 The Thirteen Colonies and the Impact of the Seven Years War From the Proclamation of 1763 to the Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Acts of 1774 The First Continental Congress Common Sense and the Organisation of Resistance General Gage and the Road to Lexington The Declaration of Independence

2H France in Revolution, 1774–1815

Topic overview Louis XVI and French Absolutism The Three Estates and Seigneurial Rights Taxation and the Weaknesses of the Ancien Regime The Philosophes and the Enlightenment The Financial Crisis of the Ancien Regime Calonne and the Assembly of Notables The Crisis of 1788 and the Estates-General The Cahiers and the Opening of the Estates-General The National Assembly and the Fall of the Bastille The Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the Constitution of 1791 The Political Clubs, Varennes and the Fall of the Monarchy The Founding of the Republic The Execution of Louis XVI, the Vendee and the Federalist Revolt The Levee en Masse and the Coming of the Terror The Fall of the Factions and the Great Terror Thermidor and the Dismantling of the Terror Vendemiaire and the Directory

2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877

Topic overview Federalism and States' Rights The Northern Economy by 1845 Cotton, Plantations and the Southern Economy The Missouri Compromise and the Nullification Crisis Manifest Destiny and the Compromise of 1850 The Fugitive Slave Law, Abolitionism and Pro-Slavery Arguments The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas The Formation of the Republican Party Dred Scott, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates and Harper's Ferry The Election of 1860, Secession and Fort Sumter

2K International Relations and Global Conflict, c1890–1941

Topic overview How Britain and France Made Foreign Policy The Economic and Military Strength of the Great Powers The Scramble for Africa and Great Power Rivalry Balkan Nationalism and Austria-Hungary The Naval Race, the Arms Race and War Plans The Moroccan Crises The Entente Cordiale and the Triple Entente The Decline of the Ottoman Empire The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 The Balkan Wars Sarajevo and the Austrian Ultimatum Mobilisation and the Schlieffen Plan The July Crisis Italy, the USA and the Widening War

2L Italy and Fascism, c1900–1945

Topic overview A Young Kingdom: North, South and the Risorgimento The Italian Monarchy and the Narrow Franchise Giolitti and the Gentiloni Pact Industrial Growth, Socialism and Labour Unrest Nationalism, Futurism and the Triple Alliance Intervention in 1915 and Italy's War Aims The Isonzo Front and Caporetto The Home Front and the Peace Settlement Fiume and the Mutilated Victory Post-War Crisis and Political Instability The Biennio Rosso and the Fascist Response The March on Rome and Mussolini's Appointment Why the Elites Accepted Mussolini Fascist Ideology, the Ras and the Cult of the Duce The Grand Council, the Acerbo Law and the Matteotti Crisis Building the Dictatorship, 1925-1926 Corfu, Fiume and the Consolidation of Power

2M Wars and Welfare: Britain in Transition, 1906–1957

Topic overview The Liberal Landslide of 1906 and New Liberalism The Lib-Lab Pact, Tariff Reform and the Edwardian Economy Edwardian Class, Poverty and the People's Budget The Liberal Welfare Reforms The Parliament Act, Women's Suffrage and Home Rule The Labour Unrest of 1910 to 1914 The Wartime Coalitions and the Liberal Split The War Economy, DORA and Post-War Industry Women's War Work, the Vote and Conscription The War Poets, the Easter Rising and Irish Independence Liberal Decline, the First Labour Government and Baldwin The Return to Gold, the Coal Crisis and the General Strike The Divided Regions, Women and Culture in the 1920s The Flapper Vote and the 1929 Election

2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953

Topic overview Tsarism and the Strain of War by 1917 The February Revolution The Provisional Government and the April Theses The October Revolution The First Decrees, the Constituent Assembly and the Leaders of 1917 The Cheka and the Rise of One-Party Rule Brest-Litovsk and the Causes of the Civil War Trotsky and the Building of the Red Army Why the Reds Won the Civil War Bolshevik Social Reform, War Communism and the Red Terror Tambov and Kronstadt The New Economic Policy Foreign Intervention, the Comintern and Soviet Diplomacy Lenin's Death, His Testament and the Contenders for Power Permanent Revolution and Socialism in One Country The Defeat of the Oppositions and the Great Turn The Stalin Cult and Soviet Foreign Policy in the 1920s

2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945

Topic overview The Collapse of 1918 and the Kiel Mutiny The Weimar Constitution and the Terms of Versailles The Military Terms of Versailles and German Reactions The Ruhr Occupation and the Hyperinflation of 1923 The Spartacist Uprising and the Freikorps The Ruhr Crisis, the Courts and the Munich Putsch The Munich Putsch and Weimar's Coalitions Stresemann and the Dawes Plan Weimar Culture: Bauhaus, Art and Theatre Hindenburg's Election and the Golden Years Stresemann's Foreign Policy and Locarno The Wall Street Crash and the German Banks Bruning's Deflation and the Nazi Electoral Breakthrough Nazi Propaganda, the SA and Nazi Appeal The Divided Left, Hindenburg and Papen The Prussian Coup and Hitler's Refusal of Office The Reichstag Fire, the Enabling Act and the End of Democracy Gleichschaltung and the One-Party State The Night of the Long Knives

2P The Transformation of China, 1936–1997

Topic overview Japanese Encroachment and the Guomindang The Encirclement Campaigns, the Long March and Mao's Ideology Yan'an, the Xi'an Incident and the Second United Front The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 The Race for Territory and the Marshall Mission The Nationalist Position in 1946 The Civil War and the Nationalist Collapse China in 1949 and the Founding of the Republic The Mass Campaigns and the Grip on Power The Soviet Alliance and the Korean War The Hundred Flowers and the First Five Year Plan The Great Leap Forward and the People's Communes Rectification, the Marriage Law and Social Change

2Q The American Dream: Reality and Illusion, 1945–1980

Topic overview American Power and Politics in 1945 Truman and the Fair Deal Containment, NATO and the Korean War Taft-Hartley, the 1948 Election and McCarthyism Civil Rights in the Truman Years Eisenhower and Modern Republicanism The Fall of McCarthy and the Fifties Economy Suburbia, the Highways and the New Look Hungary, Rollback and the Berlin Crisis Eisenhower, South Vietnam and SEATO Brown, Montgomery and Little Rock The Election of 1960 The New Frontier and the Berlin Wall Civil Rights under Kennedy and America by 1963

2R The Cold War, c1945–1991

Topic overview Yalta, Potsdam and the Wartime Alliance The Sovietisation of Eastern Europe The Marshall Plan and American Aid to Europe The Division of Germany, the Berlin Blockade and NATO Japan, China and NSC-68 Korea in 1950 and the UN Response McCarthyism and the Isolation of China NATO, the Warsaw Pact and the First Indochina War Khrushchev and the Crises of 1956 in Poland and Hungary The Hungarian Uprising, Peaceful Coexistence and the Paris Summit The U-2 Affair, the Missile Race and the Space Race The Berlin Crisis and the Berlin Wall The Division of Vietnam and the NLF Cuba, the Bay of Pigs and the Missile Crisis

2S The Making of Modern Britain, 1951–2007

Topic overview The Conservative Prime Ministers, 1951 to 1964 The Long Boom and Stop-Go Women, Youth, Immigration and the Notting Hill Riots Foreign Policy, Suez and Decolonisation, 1951-1964 Harold Wilson and the National Plan Devaluation and Labour's Economic Policy, 1965-1969 In Place of Strife, Education and Northern Ireland The Abolition of Hanging and Divorce Reform The Media, the Permissive Society and Race in the 1960s Vietnam, the EEC Veto and the Atlantic Alliance Heath, the 1970 Election and Selsdon Park The Industrial Relations Act and the 1972 Strike The Oil Crisis and the Second Miners' Strike Northern Ireland from Bloody Sunday to Sunningdale The Social Contract, the IMF Crisis and the Winter of Discontent Feminism, Equality Legislation and Immigration in the 1970s Punk and the New Politics of the 1970s Britain's Entry into the EEC and the 1975 Referendum The Special Relationship and Detente in the 1970s

2T The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000

2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953

17 subtopics
83 things to know
Component 2

What 2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953 covers

Option 2N is a depth study of Russia under Lenin and Stalin, taken as one of the Component 2 choices. It covers the revolutions of 1917, Bolshevik consolidation, Stalin's rise, and the economy, society and terror of his dictatorship.

Where it is assessed

Component 2

A depth study, of which a student sits one.

Check the AQA specification ↗

The 17 subtopics

Each one has its own page. AQA AS History students sit this topic in the first year.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What type of rule did Tsar Nicholas II exercise before February 1917, and what was his attitude toward political reform?

Key term

How did the war effort affect Russia's railway network, and what supply problems resulted?

Key term

How did Rasputin's influence during Nicholas's absence at the front affect the monarchy's reputation?

Key term

What was the immediate cause of the February Revolution?

Key term

What role did mass demonstrations play in the February Revolution?

Key term

According to Order Number One, under what condition should soldiers obey the Provisional Government?

Key term

When and how did Lenin return to Petrograd in 1917?

Key term

What financial measure did the April Theses propose?

Key term

What was confusing about Kerensky's initial response to Kornilov's advance?

Key term

Who opposed immediate insurrection within the Bolshevik leadership, and what was the Central Committee's decision on 10 October 1917?

Key term

What was the Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC), and what role did it play in October 1917?

Key term

What happened during the storming of the Winter Palace on 25–26 October 1917?

Key term

What happened to Russian banks in December 1917, and why was this significant?

Key term

Which party won the largest share of votes in the November 1917 Constituent Assembly elections, and approximately what percentage did the Bolsheviks receive?

Key term

When and why did Trotsky convert to Bolshevism?

Key term

What organisation did the Bolsheviks use to suppress political opposition?

Key term

How was political power organised under Bolshevik one-party rule?

Key term

Which party won the majority in the Constituent Assembly elections?

Key term

What territories did Russia lose to Germany under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Key term

How did foreign powers contribute to the causes of the Civil War?

Key term

Why did opposition to Bolshevik policies contribute to the Civil War?

Key term

What methods did Trotsky use to maintain discipline in the Red Army?

Key term

Why did the Bolsheviks execute the Tsar and his family?

Key term

How did the lack of coordination among White forces contribute to their defeat?

Key term

Why did conflicting political aims weaken the White movement?

Key term

How did Bolshevik propaganda portray the White forces?

Key term

How did the Bolsheviks obtain grain from the countryside during the Civil War?

Key term

What methods did the Cheka use during the Red Terror?

Key term

What economic demand did the Kronstadt sailors make?

Key term

At which party meeting was the ban on factions introduced?

Key term

Which two countries signed the Treaty of Rapallo?

Key term

Who was the Zinoviev letter attributed to?

Key term

What event in January 1924 created a leadership crisis within the Communist Party?

Key term

What happened to Lenin's Testament in 1924, and how did this affect Stalin?

Key term

How did Lenin describe Bukharin in his Testament, both positively and critically?

Key term

What was Trotsky's theory of Permanent Revolution?

Key term

What was Stalin's theory of Socialism in One Country?

Key term

What was the Triumvirate, and what was its purpose between 1923 and 1925?

Key term

What was the Great Turn?

Key term

Why was rapid military-industrial development seen as necessary in the late 1920s?

Key term

What was the class objective of collectivisation regarding kulaks?

Key term

How did the structure of government change under Stalin in the late 1920s?

Key term

What event in December 1929 marked a significant development in the cult of personality?

Key term

What secret arrangements characterised Soviet-German relations in the 1920s?

Key term

What were kolkhozy?

Key term

What forms did peasant resistance to collectivisation take?

Key term

What arguments support the view that collectivisation was successful?

Key term

What were the priorities of the First Five Year Plan (1928-1932)?

Key term

What was the Dneprostroi Dam and why was it significant?

Key term

How did women's participation in the industrial workforce change during the 1930s?

Key term

In what ways was Stalin's image promoted throughout Soviet society?

Key term

What specific requirements did Socialist Realism impose on artists?

Key term

How was Soviet cinema used during the 1930s?

Key term

What were the strengths of the Soviet economy by 1941?

Key term

Describe the mixed picture of social conditions in the USSR by 1941.

Key term

What was the defining characteristic of Stalinism as a political system?

Key term

Who was targeted in the early purges of 1932-1934?

Key term

What were the show trials of 1936-1938?

Key term

Who were the main defendants in the first Moscow show trial of 1936 and what happened to them?

Key term

Who were the main defendants in the third Moscow show trial of 1938?

Key term

What was the Yezhovshchina?

Key term

Which groups were targeted by mass terror at the central level?

Key term

What was the scale of the Red Army purges of 1937-1938?

Key term

Which diaspora nationalities were specifically targeted in national operations and why?

Key term

What were conditions like in the gulags?

Key term

Who replaced Yezhov as head of the NKVD and what change did this bring?

Key term

What are the intentionalist and revisionist interpretations of responsibility for the Terror?

Key term

What was the League of Militant Atheists?

Key term

How did Soviet-German cooperation continue after 1929?

Key term

How did the Munich Agreement of 1938 affect Stalin's view of Britain and France?

Key term

What was Operation Barbarossa and when was it launched?

Key term

How was the Soviet wartime economy transformed to meet military needs?

Key term

What role did climate and terrain play in Germany's defeat on the Eastern Front?

Key term

Define 'High Stalinism'.

Key term

What were the key features of totalitarianism under High Stalinism?

Key term

Which groups were targeted by the renewed Terror after 1945?

Key term

What factors made the USSR a superpower after 1945?

Key term

How was political opposition eliminated in Soviet satellite states?

Key term

What characterised the Cold War conflict between the USSR and the capitalist West?

Process

How did Stalin's state attack religion and discipline young people and workers?

Process

What was Operation Barbarossa, and how did Stalin respond to it?

Process

What early social and religious changes did the Bolsheviks make?

Process

Where was the ban on factions introduced, who intervened in the Civil War, and how committed were they?

Take 2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953 further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

Bolshevik vs Menshevik
Bolshevik: member of the disciplined revolutionary faction led by Lenin. Menshevik: member of the rival socialist faction favouring a broader party.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What type of rule did Tsar Nicholas II exercise before February 1917, and what was his attitude toward political reform?
Model answer
Nicholas II held autocratic power, ruling without constitutional constraints and resisting meaningful political reform despite the existence of the Duma.
2
Under the Fundamental Laws of 1906, what specific powers did the Tsar retain that limited the Duma's effectiveness?
Model answer
The Tsar retained authority to dissolve the Duma, veto legislation, and control the military and foreign policy, limiting genuine parliamentary power.
3
Approximately how many Russian military deaths and wounded had occurred by 1917, and which early battles exemplified these losses?
Model answer
Approximately 1.7 million military deaths and 5 million wounded, with massive losses at battles including Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes.
4
How did the war effort affect Russia's railway network, and what supply problems resulted?
Model answer
The war strained Russia's inadequate railway network, causing supply failures that left soldiers without rifles and ammunition while cities faced food shortages.
5
By approximately how much did prices rise in Russia between 1914 and 1917, and what was the effect on urban workers?
Model answer
Prices rose approximately fourfold while wages failed to keep pace, severely reducing urban workers' living standards.
6
What demographic change occurred in Petrograd during the war, and why did this create political instability?
Model answer
Petrograd's population swelled with war workers, creating overcrowded conditions and concentrating a volatile, politically aware workforce in the capital.

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2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953 revision questions

Is 2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953 examined at AS in AQA History?: Yes. It sits in Component 2, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
What does 2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953 cover in AQA AS-Level History?: 17 subtopics: tsarism and the strain of war by 1917, the february revolution, the provisional government and the april theses, the october revolution, the first decrees, the constituent assembly and the leaders of 1917, the cheka and the rise of one-party rule, brest-litovsk and the causes of the civil war, trotsky and the building of the red army, why the reds won the civil war, bolshevik social reform, war communism and the red terror, tambov and kronstadt, the new economic policy, foreign intervention, the comintern and soviet diplomacy, lenin's death, his testament and the contenders for power, permanent revolution and socialism in one country, the defeat of the oppositions and the great turn and the stalin cult and soviet foreign policy in the 1920s. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
How is 2N Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia, 1917–1953 organised?: By the AQA 7042 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.

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