Process
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Cell Biology
Animal and plant cells
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 1
Overview
The functions of the nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, plasmids and ribosomes, the permanent vacuole and cellulose cell wall of plant cells, estimating sizes, preparing, staining, focusing and drawing a slide under a light microscope, total magnification, and reducing the risks from glass and stains.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
List the five parts found in most animal cells.
Key term
Name two structures often found in a plant cell that an animal cell does not have inside it.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the function of the nucleus?
Model answer
It contains the genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.
- 2
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Model answer
It controls which substances pass into and out of the cell.
- 3
Which process takes place in mitochondria, and why does the cell need it?
Model answer
Aerobic respiration, which transfers the energy the cell needs for its reactions.
- 4
Explain how chloroplasts are related to the function of a leaf cell.
Model answer
They contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light so that the cell can carry out photosynthesis.
- 5
How are plasmids useful to a bacterial cell?
Model answer
They carry extra genes, such as genes for resistance to a drug, which can be passed to other bacteria.
- 6
List the five parts found in most animal cells.
Model answer
A nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
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