Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Infection and Response
Discovery and development of drugs
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 1
Overview
Traditional drugs from plants and microorganisms such as digitalis, aspirin and penicillin, drugs synthesised by chemists, testing for toxicity, efficacy and dose, preclinical testing, clinical trials starting with very low doses, peer review and caution over media claims, and placebos, double blind trials, random allocation and the ethics of placebos.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Even when a drug is synthesised in a laboratory, what may its starting point be?
Key term
Why must a new medical drug be tested and trialled before it is used to treat people?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Where were drugs traditionally obtained from?
Model answer
From plants and from microorganisms.
- 2
Which plant does the heart drug digitalis originate from?
Model answer
The foxglove.
- 3
Which painkiller originates from willow?
Model answer
Aspirin.
- 4
Who discovered penicillin, and what was it discovered in?
Model answer
Alexander Fleming discovered it in mould.
- 5
Where do most new drugs come from today?
Model answer
They are synthesised by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry.
- 6
Even when a drug is synthesised in a laboratory, what may its starting point be?
Model answer
A chemical extracted from a plant.
Other ways to work this
The same content, four other ways.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Every question in Infection and Response, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.