Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Evidence for evolution, and extinction
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 2
Overview
The fossil record and antibiotic resistance as evidence, the discovery of genes, what extinction means, and how environmental change, disease, new predators, competition and low variation cause it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Give two factors that can contribute to the extinction of a species.
Key term
How can competition cause a species to become extinct?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name two kinds of evidence for evolution.
Model answer
The fossil record and the way resistance to antibiotics develops in bacteria.
- 2
How is the theory of evolution by natural selection regarded by scientists today?
Model answer
It is now widely accepted.
- 3
Which discovery about characteristics provided strong support for Darwin's theory?
Model answer
It was shown that characteristics are passed on to offspring in genes.
- 4
How does the fossil record support the theory of evolution?
Model answer
It shows how organisms have changed over very long periods of time.
- 5
Why is antibiotic resistance regarded as good evidence for evolution?
Model answer
It shows natural selection happening fast enough to be observed, as resistant bacteria survive and become more common.
- 6
What is meant by extinction?
Model answer
There are no remaining individuals of that species still alive.
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