Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Infection and Response
Communicable (infectious) diseases
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 1
Overview
Pathogens and the four types of microorganism, spread by direct contact, water and air, reducing spread through hygiene, isolation and vaccination, and how bacteria and their toxins, and viruses inside cells, make people ill.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Which four types of microorganism can act as pathogens?
Key term
Describe how a pathogen carried in the air passes from one person to another.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a pathogen?
Model answer
A microorganism that causes an infectious disease.
- 2
Which four types of microorganism can act as pathogens?
Model answer
Viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi.
- 3
Name the three routes by which pathogens are commonly spread.
Model answer
By direct contact, by water and by air.
- 4
Do pathogens infect only animals?
Model answer
No, pathogens infect plants as well as animals.
- 5
Describe how a pathogen carried in the air passes from one person to another.
Model answer
An infected person coughs or sneezes out droplets containing the pathogen, and another person inhales them.
- 6
Explain how a pathogen can be spread by water.
Model answer
Water becomes contaminated with the pathogen and is then drunk or comes into contact with a new host, carrying the pathogen into it.
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