Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Biology 8464
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversity
Homeostasis and Response
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisDNA and the genomeGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Fossils
- 3 things to know
- Biology Paper 2
Overview
What fossils are and where they form, preservation without decay, replacement by minerals and preserved traces, why early life left few, and reading evolutionary trees and common ancestors.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How can a fossil form when no decay has taken place?
Key term
Name a condition that must be missing if an organism's remains are not to decay.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What are fossils?
Model answer
The remains of organisms from millions of years ago.
- 2
Where are fossils found?
Model answer
In rocks.
- 3
How can a fossil form when no decay has taken place?
Model answer
One or more of the conditions needed for decay is absent, so parts of the organism do not decay away.
- 4
Name a condition that must be missing if an organism's remains are not to decay.
Model answer
Oxygen, moisture or a warm enough temperature.
- 5
How can a fossil form as the parts of an organism decay?
Model answer
The parts are gradually replaced by minerals as they decay.
- 6
Give three examples of preserved traces that can form fossils.
Model answer
Footprints, burrows and rootlet traces.
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