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Brain and Neuropsychology

Neurons, synaptic transmission and Hebb's theory

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Sensory, relay and motor neurons, synaptic transmission and reuptake, excitation and inhibition, and Hebb's theory of learning and neuronal growth.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What does Hebb's theory of learning and neuronal growth claim?

Key term

Describe the basic structure of a neuron.

Key term

What does a sensory neuron do?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Describe the basic structure of a neuron.

    Model answer

    A neuron has a cell body containing the nucleus and branching dendrites that receive signals. An axon carries the impulse away from the cell body, often insulated by a myelin sheath.

  2. 2

    What does a sensory neuron do?

    Model answer

    A sensory neuron carries impulses from sense receptors to the central nervous system. Sensory neurons have long dendrites and short axons.

  3. 3

    What does a relay neuron do?

    Model answer

    A relay neuron passes impulses between sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system. Relay neurons have short dendrites and short axons.

  4. 4

    What does a motor neuron do?

    Model answer

    A motor neuron carries impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. Motor neurons have short dendrites and long axons.

  5. 5

    How do sensory, relay and motor neurons work together when you touch something hot?

    Model answer

    A sensory neuron carries the signal to the spinal cord, where a relay neuron passes it on. A motor neuron then makes the arm muscles pull the hand away.

  6. 6

    What is a synapse?

    Model answer

    A synapse is the junction between two neurons. The tiny gap between the neurons is called the synaptic cleft.

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