According to Piaget, how is egocentrism reduced?

Egocentrism fades as children move into the concrete operational stage and learn to take other viewpoints. Group work with peers who hold different views can help.

According to Piaget, how does conservation develop?

Conservation develops at around seven, as children learn reversibility and decentration. A child realises a change can be undone and attends to more than one feature at once.

What was the aim of McGarrigle and Donaldson's naughty teddy study?

McGarrigle and Donaldson aimed to find out whether children could conserve number earlier than Piaget claimed if the change looked accidental.

AQA GCSE Psychology 8182

Memory

Topic overview Processes and types of memory The multi-store model of memory Primacy, recency and Murdock's serial position curve Reconstructive memory, Bartlett and factors affecting accuracy

Perception

Topic overview Sensation, perception and depth cues Gibson's direct theory of perception Visual illusions Gregory's constructivist theory of perception Perceptual set and factors affecting perception

Development

Topic overview Early brain development, nature and nurture Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development Piaget in education, naughty teddy and policeman doll studies Dweck's mindset theory, learning styles and Willingham

Research Methods

Topic overview Hypotheses and variables Sampling methods Experimental designs and types of experiment Interviews, questionnaires, case studies and observations Research procedures, reliability and validity Ethical issues in psychological research Types of data, calculations and averages Correlation, graphs and the normal distribution

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity and Asch's study Obedience, agency theory and the authoritarian personality Bystander intervention and Piliavin's subway study Crowd and collective behaviour

Language, Thought and Communication

Topic overview Language, thought and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis Animal communication and von Frisch's bee study Non-verbal communication Explaining non-verbal behaviour: Darwin and Yuki

Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview The nervous system, fight or flight and the James-Lange theory Neurons, synaptic transmission and Hebb's theory Brain structure, localisation and Penfield's study Brain scanning, Tulving's gold memory study and brain damage

Psychological Problems

Topic overview An introduction to mental health Effects of mental health problems Clinical depression Explaining and treating depression Addiction Treating addiction

Development

Piaget in education, naughty teddy and policeman doll studies

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Discovery learning and readiness in the classroom, and McGarrigle and Donaldson's naughty teddy and Hughes' policeman doll studies as challenges to Piaget.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Outline the method of the naughty teddy study.

Key term

What is discovery learning, and what is the teacher's role in it?

Process

How should a teacher apply Piaget's stages when teaching maths to eight-year-olds?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is discovery learning, and what is the teacher's role in it?
Model answer
Discovery learning means children learn by actively exploring and solving problems themselves. The teacher acts as a facilitator, setting up tasks that challenge existing schemas.
2
How should a teacher apply Piaget's stages when teaching maths to eight-year-olds?
Model answer
Eight-year-olds are in the concrete operational stage, so they are ready for logic about real objects but not abstract ideas. The teacher should use counters, blocks or other practical materials.
3
According to Piaget, how is egocentrism reduced?
Model answer
Egocentrism fades as children move into the concrete operational stage and learn to take other viewpoints. Group work with peers who hold different views can help.
4
According to Piaget, how does conservation develop?
Model answer
Conservation develops at around seven, as children learn reversibility and decentration. A child realises a change can be undone and attends to more than one feature at once.
5
What was the aim of McGarrigle and Donaldson's naughty teddy study?
Model answer
McGarrigle and Donaldson aimed to find out whether children could conserve number earlier than Piaget claimed if the change looked accidental.
6
Outline the method of the naughty teddy study.
Model answer
Eighty Scottish children aged four to six were shown two equal rows of counters. The experimenter rearranged a row deliberately in one condition. A 'naughty teddy' glove puppet messed up the row in the other.

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