What is meant by the core executive?

The core executive is the network of institutions and people at the centre of government that coordinate policy and settle disputes between different parts of the government machine.

What is the resource-dependency model of executive power?

It holds that each actor controls some resources but none controls them all, so influence comes from exchanging resources rather than from formal position alone.

What resources does a departmental secretary of state bring?

Command of a department's expertise and budget, statutory powers vested in the office, and a public reputation of their own.

WJEC AS-Level Government and Politics 603-1979-3

The British Constitution

Topic overview The nature of the constitution: uncodified, unitary and flexible Statute law as a source of the constitution Common law and works of constitutional authority Constitutional conventions Parliamentary sovereignty The rule of law Parliamentary government and constitutional monarchy Constitutional reform since 1997 The debate on a codified constitution The UK, the European Union and Brexit The UK, NATO and the United Nations

The Judiciary and the Supreme Court

Topic overview The constitutional role of the Supreme Court The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and the creation of the Court The Supreme Court as the highest court of appeal The separation of powers in the UK Judicial independence Judicial neutrality and the appointment of judges Judicial review and the doctrine of ultra vires Supreme Court rulings on constitutional matters A separate legal jurisdiction for Wales

The UK Executive

Topic overview The core executive The roles of the Prime Minister The powers and resources of the Prime Minister The royal prerogative The composition of the Cabinet The roles and functions of the Cabinet Collective ministerial responsibility Individual ministerial responsibility Prime ministerial government and its limits The civil service

Parliament and the Accountability of Government

Topic overview The composition of the House of Commons The House of Lords: composition and powers The functions of Parliament The legislative process Private members' bills and delegated legislation Select committees Questions, debates and confidence in the government Backbench MPs and peers The role of the Opposition Parliamentary privilege Parliamentary sovereignty in practice Executive dominance and where power lies

Government and the Senedd in Wales

Topic overview The First Minister of Wales The Welsh Government and its Cabinet Collective and individual ministerial responsibility in Wales The powers and resources of the Welsh Government The origins and structure of the Senedd The composition and election of the Senedd The legislative competence of the Senedd The legislative process in the Senedd Plenary and the business of the Senedd Senedd committees Members of the Senedd and the Opposition Debates over the effectiveness of the Senedd

Devolution and the United Kingdom

Topic overview The nature and forms of devolution The origins of devolution in the UK The Scottish Parliament and Scottish Government The Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive Devolution in England Asymmetry in the devolution settlement The West Lothian question and English votes for English laws Funding devolution and the Barnett formula Devolution, sovereignty and the union Debates over the future of the union

Citizenship and Rights

Topic overview The meaning of citizenship Global citizenship Freedom, equality and active citizenship The rule of law and protection under the law The rights of minorities Positive discrimination and positive action The sources of rights in the UK Equality legislation on race and gender Freedom of expression, association and religion Privacy, liberty and the right to a fair trial Conflicts between rights Debates over a British Bill of Rights

The Protection of Human Rights

Topic overview The courts and the protection of rights Judicial review: grounds and remedies Judicial review in practice The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The European Convention on Human Rights The European Court of Human Rights The Human Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act in the courts Enforcing equality law Ombudsmen and commissioners Pressure and campaigning for rights Debates over the protection of rights in the UK

Democracy and Participation

Topic overview Direct democracy Representative democracy Comparing direct and representative democracy Turnout in Wales and the UK Apathy, abstention and the participation crisis Legitimacy and the mandate Pluralism and elitism Who participates and why Widening participation and franchise reform

Electoral Systems in the UK

Topic overview The functions of elections and the language of electoral systems First Past the Post: how it works First Past the Post: advantages and criticisms The Additional Member System and Senedd elections The Single Transferable Vote Party list systems The supplementary vote and the alternative vote Proportionality, fairness and effects on party systems Coalition and minority government Key elections in Wales Referendums in Wales and the UK

Voting Behaviour in the UK

Topic overview The sociological model and social class Party identification and partisan dealignment The rational choice model The valence model and governing competence Age, gender, ethnicity and education Region, nation and voting in Wales Election campaigns and party leaders The media and voting behaviour Turnout, tactical voting and volatility

Political Parties in Wales and the UK

Topic overview The functions of political parties The Labour Party: origins and ideology The Conservative Party: origins and ideology The Liberal Democrats and the centre ground Plaid Cymru and the Welsh party system Smaller and minor parties Party organisation and the role of members Leadership selection in the main parties Candidate selection and representation Manifestos, platforms and the mandate Party funding, cash for influence and reform

Pressure Groups and Social Movements

Topic overview Pressure groups and how they differ from parties Sectional and promotional groups Insider and outsider groups Access points in Wales and the UK Lobbying and direct contact with decision-makers Direct action and public campaigning Using the media and new technologies Factors in pressure group success Pressure groups and the health of democracy Social movements: nature, membership and methods The women's movement and the environmental movement

The UK Executive

10 subtopics
30 things to know
AS Unit 1

What The UK Executive covers

The UK Executive is examined in AS Unit 1, Government in Wales and the United Kingdom — the government of the UK. It covers the core executive, the roles of the Prime Minister, the powers and resources of the Prime Minister, the royal prerogative, the composition of the Cabinet, the roles and functions of the Cabinet, collective ministerial responsibility, individual ministerial responsibility, prime ministerial government and its limits and the civil service.

Where it is assessed

AS Unit 1

Government in Wales and the United Kingdom.

Check the WJEC specification ↗

The 10 subtopics

Each one has its own page. WJEC AS Government and Politics students sit this topic in the first year.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Set out what a Prime Minister does in Cabinet, in the party and abroad.

Key term

Explain the resources a Prime Minister uses to control the government's agenda.

Key term

Name four elements of the core executive.

Key term

Why is the prerogative constitutionally significant?

Key term

What is the Cabinet?

Key term

Why is much Cabinet business described as registering decisions taken elsewhere?

Key term

State the three elements of the convention of collective ministerial responsibility

Key term

What does the Ministerial Code require of a minister who misleads Parliament?

Key term

Who argued in the 1960s that Cabinet government had given way to prime ministerial government?

Key term

What is the civil service?

Key term

Why did political scientists develop the idea of the core executive?

Key term

Describe the Prime Minister's role as head of government.

Key term

What is prime ministerial patronage?

Key term

Name four prerogative powers exercised by ministers.

Key term

Who are the members of the Cabinet?

Key term

How does the Cabinet function in a crisis?

Key term

Where is collective responsibility set out in writing?

Numbers

Give a classic example of a minister resigning over departmental failure.

Key term

Give three pieces of evidence for the presidentialisation thesis.

Key term

State the three traditional principles of the British civil service.

Key term

State three resources the Prime Minister brings to the core executive.

Key term

What is the Prime Minister's role in Cabinet?

Key term

Why is the power of dismissal such an effective disciplinary tool?

Key term

How can a prerogative power be removed?

Key term

From where must ministers be drawn?

Key term

Why has the use of Cabinet committees grown?

Key term

Why does collective ministerial responsibility require confidentiality?

Key term

Which case of 1954 is the traditional illustration of individual ministerial responsibility?

Key term

State the strongest objection to describing the Prime Minister as a president.

Key term

What does permanence mean as a principle of the civil service?

Take The UK Executive further

The same content, four other ways.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is meant by the core executive?
Model answer
The core executive is the network of institutions and people at the centre of government that coordinate policy and settle disputes between different parts of the government machine.
2
Name four elements of the core executive.
Model answer
The Prime Minister and the Prime Minister's Office, the Cabinet and its committees, the Cabinet Office, and the Treasury.
3
Why did political scientists develop the idea of the core executive?
Model answer
Arguments about whether the Prime Minister or the Cabinet governs treated power as a single prize, when in reality it is spread across many actors who depend on one another.
4
What is the resource-dependency model of executive power?
Model answer
It holds that each actor controls some resources but none controls them all, so influence comes from exchanging resources rather than from formal position alone.
5
State three resources the Prime Minister brings to the core executive.
Model answer
Patronage over appointments, authority over the Cabinet agenda, and a unique claim to speak for the government as a whole.
6
What resources does a departmental secretary of state bring?
Model answer
Command of a department's expertise and budget, statutory powers vested in the office, and a public reputation of their own.

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The British Constitution

The Judiciary and the Supreme Court

The UK Executive

Parliament and the Accountability of Government

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AAccess is bought rather than earned.

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Statute law is enacted by the legislature.

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The UK Executive revision questions

Is The UK Executive examined at AS in WJEC Government and Politics?: Yes. It sits in AS Unit 1, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
What does The UK Executive cover in WJEC AS-Level Government and Politics?: 10 subtopics: the core executive, the roles of the prime minister, the powers and resources of the prime minister, the royal prerogative, the composition of the cabinet, the roles and functions of the cabinet, collective ministerial responsibility, individual ministerial responsibility, prime ministerial government and its limits and the civil service. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
How is The UK Executive organised?: By the WJEC 603-1979-3 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.

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