What are the three main parts of the brain?

The three main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brainstem. The cerebrum is the large upper part, the cerebellum sits at the back underneath it, and the brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord.

What is the cerebrum, and what is it responsible for?

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres. The cerebrum controls higher mental functions such as thinking, language, memory, perception and voluntary movement.

What is the cerebral cortex?

The cerebral cortex is the thin, heavily folded outer layer of the cerebrum. The folds increase its surface area, and the cortex carries out complex processes such as reasoning, perception and language.

How do the two hemispheres of the cerebrum work with the body and with each other?

Each hemisphere mainly controls the opposite side of the body, so the left hemisphere moves the right hand. The corpus callosum, a thick band of nerve fibres, joins the two hemispheres so they can share information.

Where is the frontal lobe, and what are its functions?

The frontal lobe is at the front of the cerebrum, behind the forehead. The frontal lobe controls planning, decision-making, self-control and voluntary movement, and Broca's area, usually in the left frontal lobe, produces speech.

OCR GCSE Psychology J203

Criminal Psychology

Topic overview Types of crime and how crime is measured Social learning theory of crime and Cooper and Mackie's study Eysenck's criminal personality theory and Heaven's study Punishment, rehabilitation and restorative justice

Development

Topic overview Stages of development, the brain and IQ tests Structure of the brain Piaget's theory of cognitive development Piaget's conservation of number study and education Dweck's mindsets, Willingham and Blackwell's study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Mental health, prevalence and changing attitudes Stigma, discrimination and the effects of mental health problems Schizophrenia and its explanations Clinical depression and its explanations Treatments and neuropsychology

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity, crowds and culture Obedience and Bickman's uniform study Personality, the brain and the August riots Minority and majority influence on mental health stigma

Memory

Topic overview Information processing and the multi-store model Amnesia and the Clive Wearing case Reconstructive memory and Braun's Disney study Memory in advertising and the Wechsler Memory Scale

Sleep and Dreaming

Topic overview Sleep stages, functions and body clocks Freud's theory of dreaming and the Wolfman Activation synthesis theory and bizarre dreams Insomnia and its treatment

Research Methods

Topic overview Hypotheses, variables and experimental designs Sampling and ethical guidelines Experiments, interviews and questionnaires Observations, case studies and correlations Descriptive statistics, tables and graphs Reliability, validity and bias The five core areas of psychology

Development

Structure of the brain

3 things to know
Component 01

Overview

The cerebrum, cerebral cortex and two hemispheres, the four lobes and their functions, the limbic system and hypothalamus, the cerebellum, and the brainstem and reticular activating system.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

Process

Where is the occipital lobe, and what is its function?

Process

Which structures make up the limbic system, and what does the amygdala do?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What are the three main parts of the brain?
Model answer
The three main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brainstem. The cerebrum is the large upper part, the cerebellum sits at the back underneath it, and the brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord.
2
What is the cerebrum, and what is it responsible for?
Model answer
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres. The cerebrum controls higher mental functions such as thinking, language, memory, perception and voluntary movement.
3
What is the cerebral cortex?
Model answer
The cerebral cortex is the thin, heavily folded outer layer of the cerebrum. The folds increase its surface area, and the cortex carries out complex processes such as reasoning, perception and language.
4
How do the two hemispheres of the cerebrum work with the body and with each other?
Model answer
Each hemisphere mainly controls the opposite side of the body, so the left hemisphere moves the right hand. The corpus callosum, a thick band of nerve fibres, joins the two hemispheres so they can share information.
5
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
Model answer
The four lobes are the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. Each hemisphere of the cerebrum has all four.
6
Where is the frontal lobe, and what are its functions?
Model answer
The frontal lobe is at the front of the cerebrum, behind the forehead. The frontal lobe controls planning, decision-making, self-control and voluntary movement, and Broca's area, usually in the left frontal lobe, produces speech.

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