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Sleep and Dreaming

Sleep stages, functions and body clocks

  • 3 things to know
  • Component 02

Overview

The functions of sleep, light, deep and REM sleep, the pineal gland and melatonin, the suprachiasmatic nucleus as an endogenous pacemaker, zeitgebers and jet lag.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

When does dreaming occur during the night?

Key term

How does sleep help to keep the brain healthy?

Key term

How does sleep help with physical repair?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How does sleep help to keep the brain healthy?

    Model answer

    Sleep allows the brain to consolidate memories and learning from the day. Sleep also helps to clear waste products that build up in the brain during waking hours.

  2. 2

    How does sleep help with physical repair?

    Model answer

    Growth hormone is released during deep sleep, helping to repair tissues and build muscle. Sleep also supports the immune system in fighting infection.

  3. 3

    How does sleep support emotional stability?

    Model answer

    Sleep helps people to regulate their emotions and cope with stress. People who lack sleep tend to be more irritable, anxious and moody.

  4. 4

    What are the stages of the sleep cycle?

    Model answer

    A sleep cycle passes through the stages of non-REM sleep, from light to deep, and then into REM sleep. Each cycle lasts about 90 minutes and repeats four to six times a night.

  5. 5

    What happens during the light stages of sleep?

    Model answer

    Stage 1 is the lightest stage, when a person drifts between waking and sleep and is easily woken. Stage 2 is slightly deeper, and heart rate and body temperature fall.

  6. 6

    What is deep sleep?

    Model answer

    Deep sleep, or stage 3, is the stage from which a person is hardest to wake, with slow delta brain waves. Older descriptions divide deep sleep into stages 3 and 4.

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AKeep regular bed and waking times, even at weekends.
BKeep the bedroom dark, quiet and cool.
CAvoid caffeine, alcohol and screens before bed.

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Activation means random firing of neurons in the pons during REM.
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