Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnologyImpact of environmental change
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionThe use of hormones to treat infertilityNegative feedbackPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Topic overviewCommunicable (infectious) diseasesViral diseasesBacterial diseasesFungal and protist diseasesHuman defence systemsVaccinationAntibiotics and painkillersDiscovery and development of drugsProducing monoclonal antibodiesUses of monoclonal antibodiesDetection and identification of plant diseasesPlant defence responses
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesProtein synthesis and complementary base pairingMutations, protein shape and non-coding DNAGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Bioenergetics
The photosynthesis reaction and the uses of glucose
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
The word equation and chemical formulae for photosynthesis, why it is endothermic and needs light energy transferred to the chloroplasts, how glucose is used for respiration, starch, fat or oil, cellulose and amino acids, and the nitrate ions needed to make proteins.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What supplies the energy that drives photosynthesis?
Key term
Give the chemical formulae of carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and glucose.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State the word equation for photosynthesis.
Model answer
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.
- 2
What supplies the energy that drives photosynthesis?
Model answer
Light from the environment.
- 3
Give the chemical formulae of carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and glucose.
Model answer
CO₂, H₂O, O₂ and C₆H₁₂O₆.
- 4
Explain why photosynthesis is described as an endothermic reaction.
Model answer
Because energy is taken in from the environment during the reaction rather than released.
- 5
Into which structures of a plant cell is energy transferred by light during photosynthesis?
Model answer
The chloroplasts.
- 6
A potted plant is left in a completely dark cupboard. Explain why it cannot photosynthesise.
Model answer
Photosynthesis is endothermic and needs energy transferred to the chloroplasts by light, so with no light the reaction cannot take place.
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