Evaluation
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnologyImpact of environmental change
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionThe use of hormones to treat infertilityNegative feedbackPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Topic overviewCommunicable (infectious) diseasesViral diseasesBacterial diseasesFungal and protist diseasesHuman defence systemsVaccinationAntibiotics and painkillersDiscovery and development of drugsProducing monoclonal antibodiesUses of monoclonal antibodiesDetection and identification of plant diseasesPlant defence responses
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesProtein synthesis and complementary base pairingMutations, protein shape and non-coding DNAGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Organisation
Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Advantages and disadvantages of statins, mechanical devices and transplants, fatty build-up in the coronary arteries and its damage to heart muscle, stents and statins, faulty and replacement heart valves, heart and lung transplants, and artificial hearts.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Describe what happens inside the coronary arteries in coronary heart disease.
Key term
Explain why narrowed coronary arteries damage the heart.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of treating heart disease with drugs such as statins.
Model answer
They are cheap and need no operation, but they must be taken for life and can cause side effects.
- 2
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of treating heart disease with a mechanical device.
Model answer
It works straight away and lasts a long time, but it has to be fitted by surgery and blood can clot on it.
- 3
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of treating heart failure with a transplant.
Model answer
A donor heart can restore normal function for many years, but donors are scarce and the patient must take drugs for life to prevent rejection.
- 4
Describe what happens inside the coronary arteries in coronary heart disease.
Model answer
Layers of fatty material build up inside them, making them narrower.
- 5
Explain why narrowed coronary arteries damage the heart.
Model answer
Less blood reaches the heart muscle, so it receives less oxygen and cannot respire enough to keep contracting properly.
- 6
What is a stent and what does it do?
Model answer
A small mesh tube inserted into a narrowed artery to hold it open so that blood can flow through freely.
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